{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:H3RJC6RFBYQAVYX4U7L6EKNPI3","short_pith_number":"pith:H3RJC6RF","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1204.6312","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2012-04-27T07:55:59Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"10d6cf23f1c22ad24294715e6dea963a6ebc31d931954bcea7117a4d3daad4bb","abstract_canon_sha256":"dcc140930a747fc9325981cf4740e4bc4fd19c6e7a3fb896c9bd69a1cef75fb3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3ee2917a250e200ae2fca7d7e229af46ca1bd1866fa7acea641f968663d0449c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1204.6312","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1204.6312","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1204.6312v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1204.6312","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"H3RJC6RFBYQA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"H3RJC6RFBYQAVYX4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"H3RJC6RF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:06Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:H3RJC6RFBYQAVYX4U7L6EKNPI3","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1204.6312","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2012-04-27T07:55:59Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"10d6cf23f1c22ad24294715e6dea963a6ebc31d931954bcea7117a4d3daad4bb","abstract_canon_sha256":"dcc140930a747fc9325981cf4740e4bc4fd19c6e7a3fb896c9bd69a1cef75fb3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3ee2917a250e200ae2fca7d7e229af46ca1bd1866fa7acea641f968663d0449c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:25.219173Z","signature_b64":"P2ZYRIWmCmXRnHmRrppERGNsdKRL1OvQGmFYFVcpZVNvGo5VC9hX88x9ZwcYv3EUIkwBQkf3G+DGaYoNlBY8AA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"3ee2917a250e200ae2fca7d7e229af46ca1bd1866fa7acea641f968663d0449c","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:25.218601Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:25.218601Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1204.6312","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:25Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"m4uK9ZFlz3br63RD35UTR+jbQCiWY0bEagch1MI3WSwhy76ABaZTO1vCk0hOSgHuQGHXNM9R01EVjMMdMxnkCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-24T20:01:52.113409Z"},"content_sha256":"2af5967273bef9abf241fab7e8cde57d115be02c2b855daab945dc477d95e065","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2af5967273bef9abf241fab7e8cde57d115be02c2b855daab945dc477d95e065"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:H3RJC6RFBYQAVYX4U7L6EKNPI3","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Electron Accelerations at High Mach Number Shocks: Two-Dimensional Particle-In-Cell Simulations in Various Parameter Regimes","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"Masahiro Hoshino, Takanobu Amano, Yosuke Matsumoto","submitted_at":"2012-04-27T07:55:59Z","abstract_excerpt":"Electron accelerations at high Mach number collision-less shocks are investigated by means of two-dimensional electromagnetic Particle-in-Cell simulations with various Alfven Mach numbers, ion-to-electron mass ratios, and the upstream electron beta_e (the ratio of the thermal pressure to the magnetic pressure). We found electrons are effectively accelerated at a super-high Mach number shock (MA~30) with a mass ratio of M/m=100 and beta_e=0.5. The electron shock surfing acceleration is an effective mechanism for accelerating the particles toward the relativistic regime even in two dimensions wi"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1204.6312","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:25Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"atVKQ17l+yT8FJ+38hgdft0DiVdZF31NpJXDjxmoDWUAf5LpbWDwplL0rGsIjscZGCl7FgTQn2TetgLUgIFBAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-24T20:01:52.113759Z"},"content_sha256":"9d8481dbd50352d9f6e5570ac1162268b73eb0d3ab47c272bfef858a4afd7f1c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9d8481dbd50352d9f6e5570ac1162268b73eb0d3ab47c272bfef858a4afd7f1c"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/H3RJC6RFBYQAVYX4U7L6EKNPI3/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/H3RJC6RFBYQAVYX4U7L6EKNPI3/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/H3RJC6RFBYQAVYX4U7L6EKNPI3/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-24T20:01:52Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/H3RJC6RFBYQAVYX4U7L6EKNPI3","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/H3RJC6RFBYQAVYX4U7L6EKNPI3/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/H3RJC6RFBYQAVYX4U7L6EKNPI3/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/H3RJC6RFBYQAVYX4U7L6EKNPI3/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:H3RJC6RFBYQAVYX4U7L6EKNPI3","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"dcc140930a747fc9325981cf4740e4bc4fd19c6e7a3fb896c9bd69a1cef75fb3","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2012-04-27T07:55:59Z","title_canon_sha256":"10d6cf23f1c22ad24294715e6dea963a6ebc31d931954bcea7117a4d3daad4bb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1204.6312","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1204.6312","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1204.6312v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1204.6312","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"H3RJC6RFBYQA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"H3RJC6RFBYQAVYX4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"H3RJC6RF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:06Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:9d8481dbd50352d9f6e5570ac1162268b73eb0d3ab47c272bfef858a4afd7f1c","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:25Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Electron accelerations at high Mach number collision-less shocks are investigated by means of two-dimensional electromagnetic Particle-in-Cell simulations with various Alfven Mach numbers, ion-to-electron mass ratios, and the upstream electron beta_e (the ratio of the thermal pressure to the magnetic pressure). We found electrons are effectively accelerated at a super-high Mach number shock (MA~30) with a mass ratio of M/m=100 and beta_e=0.5. The electron shock surfing acceleration is an effective mechanism for accelerating the particles toward the relativistic regime even in two dimensions wi","authors_text":"Masahiro Hoshino, Takanobu Amano, Yosuke Matsumoto","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2012-04-27T07:55:59Z","title":"Electron Accelerations at High Mach Number Shocks: Two-Dimensional Particle-In-Cell Simulations in Various Parameter Regimes"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1204.6312","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:2af5967273bef9abf241fab7e8cde57d115be02c2b855daab945dc477d95e065","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:25Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"dcc140930a747fc9325981cf4740e4bc4fd19c6e7a3fb896c9bd69a1cef75fb3","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2012-04-27T07:55:59Z","title_canon_sha256":"10d6cf23f1c22ad24294715e6dea963a6ebc31d931954bcea7117a4d3daad4bb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1204.6312","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"3ee2917a250e200ae2fca7d7e229af46ca1bd1866fa7acea641f968663d0449c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"3ee2917a250e200ae2fca7d7e229af46ca1bd1866fa7acea641f968663d0449c","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:25.218601Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:25.218601Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"P2ZYRIWmCmXRnHmRrppERGNsdKRL1OvQGmFYFVcpZVNvGo5VC9hX88x9ZwcYv3EUIkwBQkf3G+DGaYoNlBY8AA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:08:25.219173Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1204.6312","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:2af5967273bef9abf241fab7e8cde57d115be02c2b855daab945dc477d95e065","sha256:9d8481dbd50352d9f6e5570ac1162268b73eb0d3ab47c272bfef858a4afd7f1c"],"state_sha256":"56b59410241fe1842444261d89ae0706a5ccf839b14eca5583a8659630c5a9eb"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"oIJwVWHFwY4hHFD2lWtK34xpaavAc9mzxqgJKdnG7eLZaIlNXh7vzx3RKmcktCI+Cr5x+SMkASdloSAGBT2fCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-24T20:01:52.115593Z","bundle_sha256":"d63fd5590aa7528a5e306151c8b6de4a3e7a0e8c4ce562c82ce1db7cb4f28660"}}