{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:HLFU33ZESUDXAKZGD6ACWUAD3W","short_pith_number":"pith:HLFU33ZE","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2111.08086","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2021-11-15T21:18:39Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"1ed4dd3ec144fdd7281ba58e9c7710801cb9359f58aecfd6cd15b26c7ec914cc","abstract_canon_sha256":"0ab28e6950f0a9898ddc16adf0ac68bdb8aa32817f7a24eca950b2ae9dc38b5d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3acb4def249507702b261f802b5003ddb7a3d236507f3e5f4bb70de6635a720d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2111.08086","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2111.08086","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:32:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2111.08086v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:32:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2111.08086","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:32:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HLFU33ZESUDX","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:32:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HLFU33ZESUDXAKZG","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:32:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HLFU33ZE","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:32:29Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:HLFU33ZESUDXAKZGD6ACWUAD3W","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2111.08086","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2021-11-15T21:18:39Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"1ed4dd3ec144fdd7281ba58e9c7710801cb9359f58aecfd6cd15b26c7ec914cc","abstract_canon_sha256":"0ab28e6950f0a9898ddc16adf0ac68bdb8aa32817f7a24eca950b2ae9dc38b5d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3acb4def249507702b261f802b5003ddb7a3d236507f3e5f4bb70de6635a720d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:32:29.316959Z","signature_b64":"53Zk8fAYtIR9d+JSu5maT+iEHPo18f3TQiI5dt86Ncp42ECqk4Fg4NTZUez6DrtLn+2a6qjXVZ3bYt1s9zE2Ag==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"3acb4def249507702b261f802b5003ddb7a3d236507f3e5f4bb70de6635a720d","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:32:29.315547Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:32:29.315547Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2111.08086","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:32:29Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"R4QH3I0jVysAeGP9YQIa3LIaxoT0TBrIA7B/EeCen/E31Ti+z4KU9sFJ9TwAVsifF1jPOIgiUwAxOuRY20tpCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T18:34:03.959973Z"},"content_sha256":"f0c4b4474f268820849e9e23fb5a946b0ae48c86fc3e6f3fe757ec1cbdd94c26","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f0c4b4474f268820849e9e23fb5a946b0ae48c86fc3e6f3fe757ec1cbdd94c26"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:HLFU33ZESUDXAKZGD6ACWUAD3W","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Alternatives to $\\Lambda$: Torsion, Generalized Couplings, and Scale Invariance","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["gr-qc","hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"B. A. R. Rocha, C. B. D. Fernandes, C. J. A. P. Martins, C. M. J. Marques, D. A. R. Pinheiro, J. S. J. S. Oliveira","submitted_at":"2021-11-15T21:18:39Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present a comparative analysis of current observational constraints on three recently discussed alternative models for explaining the low-redshift acceleration of the universe: the so-called steady-state torsion model, the generalized coupling model, and the scale invariant model by Maeder (an example of a broader class which we also briefly study) These are compared to the traditional parameterization of Chevallier, Polarski and Linder. Each of the candidate models is studied under two different assumptions: as genuine alternatives to $\\Lambda$CDM (where a new degree of freedom would be ex"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2111.08086","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2111.08086/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:32:29Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"D4rfKvhZFUz/xXk1Xixp2XjfGRixxCoCrrfUdzfot6CRci7+qlfoibDC9/cWrAkuVwccE3LVuTFq3ddhhIuyDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T18:34:03.960925Z"},"content_sha256":"7889272cb357b4b3cfd20695c50452f26f653a439764c70e17d74608f72d1ead","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7889272cb357b4b3cfd20695c50452f26f653a439764c70e17d74608f72d1ead"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HLFU33ZESUDXAKZGD6ACWUAD3W/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HLFU33ZESUDXAKZGD6ACWUAD3W/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HLFU33ZESUDXAKZGD6ACWUAD3W/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-17T18:34:03Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/HLFU33ZESUDXAKZGD6ACWUAD3W","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/HLFU33ZESUDXAKZGD6ACWUAD3W/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/HLFU33ZESUDXAKZGD6ACWUAD3W/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HLFU33ZESUDXAKZGD6ACWUAD3W/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:HLFU33ZESUDXAKZGD6ACWUAD3W","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0ab28e6950f0a9898ddc16adf0ac68bdb8aa32817f7a24eca950b2ae9dc38b5d","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2021-11-15T21:18:39Z","title_canon_sha256":"1ed4dd3ec144fdd7281ba58e9c7710801cb9359f58aecfd6cd15b26c7ec914cc"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2111.08086","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2111.08086","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:32:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2111.08086v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:32:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2111.08086","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:32:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HLFU33ZESUDX","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:32:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HLFU33ZESUDXAKZG","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:32:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HLFU33ZE","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:32:29Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:7889272cb357b4b3cfd20695c50452f26f653a439764c70e17d74608f72d1ead","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:32:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2111.08086/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We present a comparative analysis of current observational constraints on three recently discussed alternative models for explaining the low-redshift acceleration of the universe: the so-called steady-state torsion model, the generalized coupling model, and the scale invariant model by Maeder (an example of a broader class which we also briefly study) These are compared to the traditional parameterization of Chevallier, Polarski and Linder. Each of the candidate models is studied under two different assumptions: as genuine alternatives to $\\Lambda$CDM (where a new degree of freedom would be ex","authors_text":"B. A. R. Rocha, C. B. D. Fernandes, C. J. A. P. Martins, C. M. J. Marques, D. A. R. Pinheiro, J. S. J. S. Oliveira","cross_cats":["gr-qc","hep-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2021-11-15T21:18:39Z","title":"Alternatives to $\\Lambda$: Torsion, Generalized Couplings, and Scale Invariance"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2111.08086","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f0c4b4474f268820849e9e23fb5a946b0ae48c86fc3e6f3fe757ec1cbdd94c26","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:32:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0ab28e6950f0a9898ddc16adf0ac68bdb8aa32817f7a24eca950b2ae9dc38b5d","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2021-11-15T21:18:39Z","title_canon_sha256":"1ed4dd3ec144fdd7281ba58e9c7710801cb9359f58aecfd6cd15b26c7ec914cc"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2111.08086","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"3acb4def249507702b261f802b5003ddb7a3d236507f3e5f4bb70de6635a720d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"3acb4def249507702b261f802b5003ddb7a3d236507f3e5f4bb70de6635a720d","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:32:29.315547Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:32:29.315547Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"53Zk8fAYtIR9d+JSu5maT+iEHPo18f3TQiI5dt86Ncp42ECqk4Fg4NTZUez6DrtLn+2a6qjXVZ3bYt1s9zE2Ag==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:32:29.316959Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2111.08086","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f0c4b4474f268820849e9e23fb5a946b0ae48c86fc3e6f3fe757ec1cbdd94c26","sha256:7889272cb357b4b3cfd20695c50452f26f653a439764c70e17d74608f72d1ead"],"state_sha256":"eef79132a96e000a336c27fb838f00e50b25a0a79ded520aee19b89585919036"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"WyaEhT79p6iarSeak/6+DusLyPoiBUi1z/QqZZsIY9hjbQWjAYG6Tns5V66IUlFc9m38LWmVbKZXV05fyw39Bw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T18:34:03.969226Z","bundle_sha256":"8f90899a155bdf9fd5e03eb75beaec670f859e7f7b85ea9ed5bc72fd7729654d"}}