{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:HT4GA77Q5ZSUL5ZTMVLE4UNXUN","short_pith_number":"pith:HT4GA77Q","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2311.00830","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2023-11-01T20:24:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"be73446ce37b142445b247b6a17bba4bf9d99467e1af84e64cc081756f656141","abstract_canon_sha256":"54ccfa9cda091158823da9e279d70150b8f833922e6a5172cd3c1bcf8ecc2db7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3cf8607ff0ee6545f73365564e51b7a349cffe03b885052c54461df3183f2dca","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2311.00830","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2311.00830","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2311.00830v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2311.00830","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HT4GA77Q5ZSU","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HT4GA77Q5ZSUL5ZT","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HT4GA77Q","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:16Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:HT4GA77Q5ZSUL5ZTMVLE4UNXUN","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2311.00830","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2023-11-01T20:24:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"be73446ce37b142445b247b6a17bba4bf9d99467e1af84e64cc081756f656141","abstract_canon_sha256":"54ccfa9cda091158823da9e279d70150b8f833922e6a5172cd3c1bcf8ecc2db7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3cf8607ff0ee6545f73365564e51b7a349cffe03b885052c54461df3183f2dca","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:16.172773Z","signature_b64":"KgtPR0eln1ORuSbCz9mZxVaFfwAlKiiuRSRESLqYzDgXsAdz7gJZy/XbhWcSNPGcNXlm8ICL7DivaMy8NaFkDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"3cf8607ff0ee6545f73365564e51b7a349cffe03b885052c54461df3183f2dca","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:16.172292Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:16.172292Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2311.00830","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:16Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xCOMFQwxbc92bob9f2/F/hOqNzhgVcxuUJ3ZRd51tpayPNME06pLuH6rm3gn+dodruqHF3MBzUSHlUEg/1q8Aw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-19T19:53:07.387500Z"},"content_sha256":"0b9f9803bf5650faeaa20c868930fb0af276d9c398b0b80e4c5b0d9520cb5d75","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0b9f9803bf5650faeaa20c868930fb0af276d9c398b0b80e4c5b0d9520cb5d75"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:HT4GA77Q5ZSUL5ZTMVLE4UNXUN","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"User Experiences with Third-Party SIM Cards and ID Registration in Kenya and Tanzania","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.HC","authors_text":"(2) Carnegie Mellon University), Assane Gueye (1) ((1) Carnegie Mellon University - Africa, Conrad Tucker (2), Edith Luhanga (1), Giulia Fanti (2), Karen Sowon (2), Lorrie Faith Cranor (2)","submitted_at":"2023-11-01T20:24:57Z","abstract_excerpt":"Mobile money services in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have increased access to financial services. To ensure proper identification of users, countries have put in place Know-Your-Customer (KYC) measures such as SIM registration using an official identification. However, half of the 850 million people without IDs globally live in SSA, and the use of SIM cards registered in another person's name (third-party SIM) is prevalent. In this study, we explore challenges that contribute to and arise from the use of third-party SIM cards. We interviewed 36 participants in Kenya and Tanzania. Our results high"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2311.00830","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2311.00830/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:16Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"L/pAD5lj+RDhl6N9X3aJGtEaaxjRz+gdy7WbnzgZwNJ/8GRu+ggYAhyOTXgglFLDRhFwaAjr+cMtVBmQvxnVCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-19T19:53:07.387990Z"},"content_sha256":"e50556721c224233f5690fe77ab2719a78f1e744f6ed51d59aa5b7e291f91b6d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e50556721c224233f5690fe77ab2719a78f1e744f6ed51d59aa5b7e291f91b6d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HT4GA77Q5ZSUL5ZTMVLE4UNXUN/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HT4GA77Q5ZSUL5ZTMVLE4UNXUN/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HT4GA77Q5ZSUL5ZTMVLE4UNXUN/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-19T19:53:07Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/HT4GA77Q5ZSUL5ZTMVLE4UNXUN","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/HT4GA77Q5ZSUL5ZTMVLE4UNXUN/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/HT4GA77Q5ZSUL5ZTMVLE4UNXUN/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HT4GA77Q5ZSUL5ZTMVLE4UNXUN/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:HT4GA77Q5ZSUL5ZTMVLE4UNXUN","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"54ccfa9cda091158823da9e279d70150b8f833922e6a5172cd3c1bcf8ecc2db7","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2023-11-01T20:24:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"be73446ce37b142445b247b6a17bba4bf9d99467e1af84e64cc081756f656141"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2311.00830","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2311.00830","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2311.00830v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2311.00830","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HT4GA77Q5ZSU","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HT4GA77Q5ZSUL5ZT","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HT4GA77Q","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:16Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e50556721c224233f5690fe77ab2719a78f1e744f6ed51d59aa5b7e291f91b6d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:16Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2311.00830/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Mobile money services in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have increased access to financial services. To ensure proper identification of users, countries have put in place Know-Your-Customer (KYC) measures such as SIM registration using an official identification. However, half of the 850 million people without IDs globally live in SSA, and the use of SIM cards registered in another person's name (third-party SIM) is prevalent. In this study, we explore challenges that contribute to and arise from the use of third-party SIM cards. We interviewed 36 participants in Kenya and Tanzania. Our results high","authors_text":"(2) Carnegie Mellon University), Assane Gueye (1) ((1) Carnegie Mellon University - Africa, Conrad Tucker (2), Edith Luhanga (1), Giulia Fanti (2), Karen Sowon (2), Lorrie Faith Cranor (2)","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2023-11-01T20:24:57Z","title":"User Experiences with Third-Party SIM Cards and ID Registration in Kenya and Tanzania"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2311.00830","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:0b9f9803bf5650faeaa20c868930fb0af276d9c398b0b80e4c5b0d9520cb5d75","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:16Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"54ccfa9cda091158823da9e279d70150b8f833922e6a5172cd3c1bcf8ecc2db7","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2023-11-01T20:24:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"be73446ce37b142445b247b6a17bba4bf9d99467e1af84e64cc081756f656141"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2311.00830","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"3cf8607ff0ee6545f73365564e51b7a349cffe03b885052c54461df3183f2dca","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"3cf8607ff0ee6545f73365564e51b7a349cffe03b885052c54461df3183f2dca","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:16.172292Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:16.172292Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"KgtPR0eln1ORuSbCz9mZxVaFfwAlKiiuRSRESLqYzDgXsAdz7gJZy/XbhWcSNPGcNXlm8ICL7DivaMy8NaFkDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:08:16.172773Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2311.00830","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:0b9f9803bf5650faeaa20c868930fb0af276d9c398b0b80e4c5b0d9520cb5d75","sha256:e50556721c224233f5690fe77ab2719a78f1e744f6ed51d59aa5b7e291f91b6d"],"state_sha256":"b1b559cabfebbdab1f0c4300cdd8ea5a9538af72e332bfdb54947cdb5f9bf3cd"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"luTqWD2vARoF2/obBCjKWLGgoJyX4CI9tVopgs269DZ6yIBAk9AfONFDbNqCWj5VfTGNDPiXwYloGYw1+ekKAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-19T19:53:07.391848Z","bundle_sha256":"6f403aad50550023f00e8f7f5354a20fdec9de7620192cbc286fdc0067818bad"}}