{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:I5DWZOIOHFUNPZOIN5OGIXNR6K","short_pith_number":"pith:I5DWZOIO","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2310.08406","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2023-10-12T15:19:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math.ST","stat.TH"],"title_canon_sha256":"5c4beffabb6ae89606e41d7f76d84c0c5f8b3bd8508ddb904c8a200c585072aa","abstract_canon_sha256":"aa8b7c418ddf37f1e5232766ffcd7d77df26425c73c7e607e726fe2d0f7a1377"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"47476cb90e3968d7e5c86f5c645db1f2a5f5ea3c9b8969bddf7d0ffe8c8e23b5","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2310.08406","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2310.08406","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2310.08406v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2310.08406","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"I5DWZOIOHFUN","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"I5DWZOIOHFUNPZOI","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"I5DWZOIO","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:15Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:I5DWZOIOHFUNPZOIN5OGIXNR6K","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2310.08406","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2023-10-12T15:19:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math.ST","stat.TH"],"title_canon_sha256":"5c4beffabb6ae89606e41d7f76d84c0c5f8b3bd8508ddb904c8a200c585072aa","abstract_canon_sha256":"aa8b7c418ddf37f1e5232766ffcd7d77df26425c73c7e607e726fe2d0f7a1377"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"47476cb90e3968d7e5c86f5c645db1f2a5f5ea3c9b8969bddf7d0ffe8c8e23b5","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:15.207820Z","signature_b64":"sLBA07e1981cSQfXixdZvHQ6k6SETcjzTOtaoZnNLWblHWzK408xD3God3MREG1Pq+mESnpahPujwVcDh16pDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"47476cb90e3968d7e5c86f5c645db1f2a5f5ea3c9b8969bddf7d0ffe8c8e23b5","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:15.207401Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:15.207401Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2310.08406","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7UEf6l8paRsTSM6kYeksBm3Altsr6P8WGxnaHaOxOmNvawDCa6JO22kSpala6ymxOPu0zrdbAPdcIwd3hmH2AQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-22T08:30:50.021059Z"},"content_sha256":"0e029f66c69b84432f3de0356dc8310d39e37a323b66621058fe4d798fff4f8e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0e029f66c69b84432f3de0356dc8310d39e37a323b66621058fe4d798fff4f8e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:I5DWZOIOHFUNPZOIN5OGIXNR6K","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Tightening Bounds on Probabilities of Causation By Merging Datasets","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["math.ST","stat.TH"],"primary_cat":"cs.AI","authors_text":"Atalanti A. Mastakouri, Numair Sani","submitted_at":"2023-10-12T15:19:15Z","abstract_excerpt":"Probabilities of Causation (PoC) play a fundamental role in decision-making in law, health care and public policy. Nevertheless, their point identification is challenging, requiring strong assumptions, in the absence of which only bounds can be derived. Existing work to further tighten these bounds by leveraging extra information either provides numerical bounds, symbolic bounds for fixed dimensionality, or requires access to multiple datasets that contain the same treatment and outcome variables. However, in many clinical, epidemiological and public policy applications, there exist external d"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2310.08406","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2310.08406/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"PgCHEmO5/H5tD+p2Axn/Ujs1GvaKp6wA0+va/yZmjZEVy2JI4dqcZMf+VkCfVNSIajE9egEqTVFrcA4vQV9ZCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-22T08:30:50.021565Z"},"content_sha256":"7a99a20ae45d9d45e4370291540bf6c881cb6ce6294761160ee0c25afd6c3fbf","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7a99a20ae45d9d45e4370291540bf6c881cb6ce6294761160ee0c25afd6c3fbf"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/I5DWZOIOHFUNPZOIN5OGIXNR6K/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/I5DWZOIOHFUNPZOIN5OGIXNR6K/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/I5DWZOIOHFUNPZOIN5OGIXNR6K/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-22T08:30:50Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/I5DWZOIOHFUNPZOIN5OGIXNR6K","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/I5DWZOIOHFUNPZOIN5OGIXNR6K/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/I5DWZOIOHFUNPZOIN5OGIXNR6K/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/I5DWZOIOHFUNPZOIN5OGIXNR6K/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:I5DWZOIOHFUNPZOIN5OGIXNR6K","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"aa8b7c418ddf37f1e5232766ffcd7d77df26425c73c7e607e726fe2d0f7a1377","cross_cats_sorted":["math.ST","stat.TH"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2023-10-12T15:19:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"5c4beffabb6ae89606e41d7f76d84c0c5f8b3bd8508ddb904c8a200c585072aa"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2310.08406","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2310.08406","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2310.08406v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2310.08406","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"I5DWZOIOHFUN","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"I5DWZOIOHFUNPZOI","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"I5DWZOIO","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:15Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:7a99a20ae45d9d45e4370291540bf6c881cb6ce6294761160ee0c25afd6c3fbf","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2310.08406/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Probabilities of Causation (PoC) play a fundamental role in decision-making in law, health care and public policy. Nevertheless, their point identification is challenging, requiring strong assumptions, in the absence of which only bounds can be derived. Existing work to further tighten these bounds by leveraging extra information either provides numerical bounds, symbolic bounds for fixed dimensionality, or requires access to multiple datasets that contain the same treatment and outcome variables. However, in many clinical, epidemiological and public policy applications, there exist external d","authors_text":"Atalanti A. Mastakouri, Numair Sani","cross_cats":["math.ST","stat.TH"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2023-10-12T15:19:15Z","title":"Tightening Bounds on Probabilities of Causation By Merging Datasets"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2310.08406","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:0e029f66c69b84432f3de0356dc8310d39e37a323b66621058fe4d798fff4f8e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"aa8b7c418ddf37f1e5232766ffcd7d77df26425c73c7e607e726fe2d0f7a1377","cross_cats_sorted":["math.ST","stat.TH"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2023-10-12T15:19:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"5c4beffabb6ae89606e41d7f76d84c0c5f8b3bd8508ddb904c8a200c585072aa"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2310.08406","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"47476cb90e3968d7e5c86f5c645db1f2a5f5ea3c9b8969bddf7d0ffe8c8e23b5","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"47476cb90e3968d7e5c86f5c645db1f2a5f5ea3c9b8969bddf7d0ffe8c8e23b5","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:15.207401Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:15.207401Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"sLBA07e1981cSQfXixdZvHQ6k6SETcjzTOtaoZnNLWblHWzK408xD3God3MREG1Pq+mESnpahPujwVcDh16pDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:00:15.207820Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2310.08406","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:0e029f66c69b84432f3de0356dc8310d39e37a323b66621058fe4d798fff4f8e","sha256:7a99a20ae45d9d45e4370291540bf6c881cb6ce6294761160ee0c25afd6c3fbf"],"state_sha256":"738a20da2c38e8816c07ea79d87bdbec5fccb2748efc820456a025801a61e4a8"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2ZAmL1y4ir8x3V5QY1kQlS/q6zUuX0PcJpMpPpZWXqPqPa8GMd9rb+RadFoahxIoaLV+I41Hzf2FNk1IywLrDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-22T08:30:50.026549Z","bundle_sha256":"9040267be57ab90b061c325393010fde6125503ef47be94242b20a5484a0716b"}}