{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:I6GF2ZYPHN5NLGR74E2LFEWZPX","short_pith_number":"pith:I6GF2ZYP","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1410.2773","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2014-10-10T13:09:07Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"339963059ff8cd54e9de3f3f333a26e78a8dc52ea06cb09cf51e0b98c797bbb4","abstract_canon_sha256":"085c885ef10c4343ec0fc8986aa7d1cdc0f1814bd632af60114ea7e8c08f916b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"478c5d670f3b7ad59a3fe134b292d97de1df45791b6e7bf1ac4542fb9dc2da72","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1410.2773","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1410.2773","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1410.2773v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1410.2773","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"I6GF2ZYPHN5N","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"I6GF2ZYPHN5NLGR7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"I6GF2ZYP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:33Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:I6GF2ZYPHN5NLGR74E2LFEWZPX","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1410.2773","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2014-10-10T13:09:07Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"339963059ff8cd54e9de3f3f333a26e78a8dc52ea06cb09cf51e0b98c797bbb4","abstract_canon_sha256":"085c885ef10c4343ec0fc8986aa7d1cdc0f1814bd632af60114ea7e8c08f916b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"478c5d670f3b7ad59a3fe134b292d97de1df45791b6e7bf1ac4542fb9dc2da72","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:49.380691Z","signature_b64":"i0gfSsbFXdcU0R4tTdvNbxzmHfML6jOxOpAV8eCNM0TW2XAK1oq/p8ZqzUfIw4d/DUGwEEPJs9z/5z5dle27Aw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"478c5d670f3b7ad59a3fe134b292d97de1df45791b6e7bf1ac4542fb9dc2da72","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:49.380190Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:49.380190Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1410.2773","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:49Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zqLCO0Jv4xiM6+/pwEfIzB9nzADZsci282ZjObVk2GsGY6OtDD8OeO/yVsS22S4AxPQLfotboxc2/kSvPhTYAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-21T22:47:43.826025Z"},"content_sha256":"b116ad57e2a401943671a59cbdb7cca9bfe6620a0c117a41dcab683518bd91fd","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b116ad57e2a401943671a59cbdb7cca9bfe6620a0c117a41dcab683518bd91fd"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:I6GF2ZYPHN5NLGR74E2LFEWZPX","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Instability-Enhanced Friction in the Presheath of Two-Ion-Species Plasmas","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","authors_text":"Kai Germaschewski, Scott D. Baalrud, Trevor Lafleur, William Fox","submitted_at":"2014-10-10T13:09:07Z","abstract_excerpt":"The speed at which ions enter a sheath is a fundamental property of a plasma that also provides a useful boundary condition in modeling. A recent theory proposed that this can be significantly influenced by an instability-enhanced friction force arising from two-stream instabilities in the presheath when multiple ion species are present. Although experiments appeared to confirm this theory, recent particle simulations have brought it into question. We reconcile this controversy using direct numerical solutions of the dispersion relation, which show that there is a dependence on the electron-io"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1410.2773","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:49Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"cizswYW1UXn9MMfFiedRZx3T02dUsoRdUICfuA9/Z78SsGaatbW4Cx9hkfUAYqtTFhwiw8Hymby2ANb5F9G7CA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-21T22:47:43.826507Z"},"content_sha256":"0a969cb07ce58325133b7427228dc0eb8693b459df7746a5a65399e32a214a81","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0a969cb07ce58325133b7427228dc0eb8693b459df7746a5a65399e32a214a81"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/I6GF2ZYPHN5NLGR74E2LFEWZPX/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/I6GF2ZYPHN5NLGR74E2LFEWZPX/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/I6GF2ZYPHN5NLGR74E2LFEWZPX/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-21T22:47:43Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/I6GF2ZYPHN5NLGR74E2LFEWZPX","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/I6GF2ZYPHN5NLGR74E2LFEWZPX/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/I6GF2ZYPHN5NLGR74E2LFEWZPX/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/I6GF2ZYPHN5NLGR74E2LFEWZPX/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:I6GF2ZYPHN5NLGR74E2LFEWZPX","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"085c885ef10c4343ec0fc8986aa7d1cdc0f1814bd632af60114ea7e8c08f916b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2014-10-10T13:09:07Z","title_canon_sha256":"339963059ff8cd54e9de3f3f333a26e78a8dc52ea06cb09cf51e0b98c797bbb4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1410.2773","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1410.2773","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1410.2773v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1410.2773","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"I6GF2ZYPHN5N","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"I6GF2ZYPHN5NLGR7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"I6GF2ZYP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:33Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:0a969cb07ce58325133b7427228dc0eb8693b459df7746a5a65399e32a214a81","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The speed at which ions enter a sheath is a fundamental property of a plasma that also provides a useful boundary condition in modeling. A recent theory proposed that this can be significantly influenced by an instability-enhanced friction force arising from two-stream instabilities in the presheath when multiple ion species are present. Although experiments appeared to confirm this theory, recent particle simulations have brought it into question. We reconcile this controversy using direct numerical solutions of the dispersion relation, which show that there is a dependence on the electron-io","authors_text":"Kai Germaschewski, Scott D. Baalrud, Trevor Lafleur, William Fox","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2014-10-10T13:09:07Z","title":"Instability-Enhanced Friction in the Presheath of Two-Ion-Species Plasmas"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1410.2773","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b116ad57e2a401943671a59cbdb7cca9bfe6620a0c117a41dcab683518bd91fd","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"085c885ef10c4343ec0fc8986aa7d1cdc0f1814bd632af60114ea7e8c08f916b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2014-10-10T13:09:07Z","title_canon_sha256":"339963059ff8cd54e9de3f3f333a26e78a8dc52ea06cb09cf51e0b98c797bbb4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1410.2773","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"478c5d670f3b7ad59a3fe134b292d97de1df45791b6e7bf1ac4542fb9dc2da72","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"478c5d670f3b7ad59a3fe134b292d97de1df45791b6e7bf1ac4542fb9dc2da72","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:49.380190Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:49.380190Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"i0gfSsbFXdcU0R4tTdvNbxzmHfML6jOxOpAV8eCNM0TW2XAK1oq/p8ZqzUfIw4d/DUGwEEPJs9z/5z5dle27Aw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:41:49.380691Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1410.2773","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b116ad57e2a401943671a59cbdb7cca9bfe6620a0c117a41dcab683518bd91fd","sha256:0a969cb07ce58325133b7427228dc0eb8693b459df7746a5a65399e32a214a81"],"state_sha256":"0d72d9af3aa75ca5911a62d111239286f4882058db233f26263ae17e6d7df3bd"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"hqJgFAnFMzV0y3rJCLla2/Agm9UuaEXTO2JPTfWNraNHgZJ6+HPBOZUc/SRMq/dNOm4kPtDHfHlHa3V8WuyeCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-21T22:47:43.828714Z","bundle_sha256":"fdffd2f5273ad1d94ce16cb9e13c9db550d6348bcfa32e17625d164ffa7074f2"}}