{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:IAQ5Z76KFISYOJQG57KIG5J475","short_pith_number":"pith:IAQ5Z76K","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1501.01619","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2015-01-07T20:48:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ffbb3b0b48508aa96064d63f683b6a1da655ca763e02a4a5204374b189afd3cd","abstract_canon_sha256":"271ae6aa670cf79864cfc096d9cb2b079c8dbb57621767c5a2e3133b166f362e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4021dcffca2a25872606efd483753cff40e766efa17ed12be5f43149cc983552","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1501.01619","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1501.01619","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:29:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1501.01619v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:29:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1501.01619","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:29:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IAQ5Z76KFISY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IAQ5Z76KFISYOJQG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IAQ5Z76K","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:25Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:IAQ5Z76KFISYOJQG57KIG5J475","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1501.01619","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2015-01-07T20:48:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ffbb3b0b48508aa96064d63f683b6a1da655ca763e02a4a5204374b189afd3cd","abstract_canon_sha256":"271ae6aa670cf79864cfc096d9cb2b079c8dbb57621767c5a2e3133b166f362e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4021dcffca2a25872606efd483753cff40e766efa17ed12be5f43149cc983552","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:29:53.516684Z","signature_b64":"39DXRToP0G738tIfmibNlTQ5VtC8dSDA8WNjesPIBkKGWt2AcnwG5BHCXTWHJx99U0UzDIVigcX0C9ldExWyCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"4021dcffca2a25872606efd483753cff40e766efa17ed12be5f43149cc983552","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:29:53.515511Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:29:53.515511Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1501.01619","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:29:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"hrBi4k+k8duXDvyrAXQOCowgQYdOqBJ5NSCTehNORNO4ibSLZOel4ELdM8Yl2k0tXgA33NYKs1UWqTO/K54OAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-30T09:15:30.140880Z"},"content_sha256":"5f049a8f0448d2131fe7627d2702bac62d171a9cd955f1029ea9531b9a81a0e8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5f049a8f0448d2131fe7627d2702bac62d171a9cd955f1029ea9531b9a81a0e8"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:IAQ5Z76KFISYOJQG57KIG5J475","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Energy conditions in the epoch of galaxy formation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Matt Visser","submitted_at":"2015-01-07T20:48:01Z","abstract_excerpt":"The energy conditions of Einstein gravity (classical general relativity) do not require one to fix a specific equation of state. In a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe where the equation of state for the cosmological fluid is uncertain, the energy conditions provide simple, model-independent, and robust bounds on the behaviour of the density and look-back time as a function of red-shift. Current observations suggest that the \"strong energy condition\" is violated sometime between the epoch of galaxy formation and the present. This implies that no possible combination of \"normal\" matter is cap"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1501.01619","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:29:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"MQiMSW76DZaHPsfz/CLv0XogbGDS0VCZEX69poiuFwt7ap9u5zs59xbD8H4Dgcgc4cVKnmacGM2PpBjWNel2DQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-30T09:15:30.141225Z"},"content_sha256":"ec6d545d22c7e267acb9308689cfbf040021577addd940d4de38912498d6bf78","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ec6d545d22c7e267acb9308689cfbf040021577addd940d4de38912498d6bf78"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IAQ5Z76KFISYOJQG57KIG5J475/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IAQ5Z76KFISYOJQG57KIG5J475/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IAQ5Z76KFISYOJQG57KIG5J475/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-30T09:15:30Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/IAQ5Z76KFISYOJQG57KIG5J475","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/IAQ5Z76KFISYOJQG57KIG5J475/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/IAQ5Z76KFISYOJQG57KIG5J475/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IAQ5Z76KFISYOJQG57KIG5J475/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:IAQ5Z76KFISYOJQG57KIG5J475","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"271ae6aa670cf79864cfc096d9cb2b079c8dbb57621767c5a2e3133b166f362e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2015-01-07T20:48:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"ffbb3b0b48508aa96064d63f683b6a1da655ca763e02a4a5204374b189afd3cd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1501.01619","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1501.01619","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:29:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1501.01619v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:29:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1501.01619","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:29:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IAQ5Z76KFISY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IAQ5Z76KFISYOJQG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IAQ5Z76K","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:25Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ec6d545d22c7e267acb9308689cfbf040021577addd940d4de38912498d6bf78","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:29:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The energy conditions of Einstein gravity (classical general relativity) do not require one to fix a specific equation of state. In a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe where the equation of state for the cosmological fluid is uncertain, the energy conditions provide simple, model-independent, and robust bounds on the behaviour of the density and look-back time as a function of red-shift. Current observations suggest that the \"strong energy condition\" is violated sometime between the epoch of galaxy formation and the present. This implies that no possible combination of \"normal\" matter is cap","authors_text":"Matt Visser","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2015-01-07T20:48:01Z","title":"Energy conditions in the epoch of galaxy formation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1501.01619","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5f049a8f0448d2131fe7627d2702bac62d171a9cd955f1029ea9531b9a81a0e8","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:29:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"271ae6aa670cf79864cfc096d9cb2b079c8dbb57621767c5a2e3133b166f362e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2015-01-07T20:48:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"ffbb3b0b48508aa96064d63f683b6a1da655ca763e02a4a5204374b189afd3cd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1501.01619","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"4021dcffca2a25872606efd483753cff40e766efa17ed12be5f43149cc983552","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"4021dcffca2a25872606efd483753cff40e766efa17ed12be5f43149cc983552","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:29:53.515511Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:29:53.515511Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"39DXRToP0G738tIfmibNlTQ5VtC8dSDA8WNjesPIBkKGWt2AcnwG5BHCXTWHJx99U0UzDIVigcX0C9ldExWyCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:29:53.516684Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1501.01619","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5f049a8f0448d2131fe7627d2702bac62d171a9cd955f1029ea9531b9a81a0e8","sha256:ec6d545d22c7e267acb9308689cfbf040021577addd940d4de38912498d6bf78"],"state_sha256":"163df9040051252fc6844cf1b645be3786fbed1b107aa435d0326786c33b3930"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"WuhSi0hv6nPIC2h+MMP9V43LeF9IM+XLljRyIrndj2UDW9/vMUFUAuO6w+qmBMLW0G3JBINWwRzA4BZaDiz1CQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-30T09:15:30.143470Z","bundle_sha256":"0dcca001fc3876c6bfe8aed63c194d6c08b0abb1eb5520dfef0c31ede7d37c61"}}