{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:ICORFSXCXGMOVPV26KWMH5ADZT","short_pith_number":"pith:ICORFSXC","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1602.00147","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2016-01-30T18:09:42Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"5713c0eb63baec6b40e015c6f4db3320679fbad647d745f96d876ed6edfec7df","abstract_canon_sha256":"66328f8ff6cd3e8f8b25f415a60696e2ec07866b047c90e40070d449d8ae6350"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"409d12cae2b998eabebaf2acc3f403ccdbba023a006e36972b02ca1f534f9be6","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1602.00147","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1602.00147","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1602.00147v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1602.00147","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ICORFSXCXGMO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ICORFSXCXGMOVPV2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ICORFSXC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:22Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:ICORFSXCXGMOVPV26KWMH5ADZT","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1602.00147","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2016-01-30T18:09:42Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"5713c0eb63baec6b40e015c6f4db3320679fbad647d745f96d876ed6edfec7df","abstract_canon_sha256":"66328f8ff6cd3e8f8b25f415a60696e2ec07866b047c90e40070d449d8ae6350"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"409d12cae2b998eabebaf2acc3f403ccdbba023a006e36972b02ca1f534f9be6","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:40.880285Z","signature_b64":"pFTosvxDNSKy7DQag3GU+XShLaNyRBqB/Mdt0+ylNao0noTDP40dyqVs4wIv1UU9bDhFBaf4bB59Iu5GTvZnAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"409d12cae2b998eabebaf2acc3f403ccdbba023a006e36972b02ca1f534f9be6","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:40.879801Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:40.879801Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1602.00147","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"szEetBPMr0Qvr3OeY9u46Y8mjTjwya++obQ+VJqxGkQlgxVJTHbPqkZKhkqP1XQJt99LOHb4859vZGKqa6J6Cg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-24T02:45:45.385242Z"},"content_sha256":"e83cc8e1ecacb0f0c4d8ec63b0b9aa241439dcf04269465a7ff56650e5d1203c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e83cc8e1ecacb0f0c4d8ec63b0b9aa241439dcf04269465a7ff56650e5d1203c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:ICORFSXCXGMOVPV26KWMH5ADZT","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Model for the growth of the World Airline Network","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","authors_text":"H. J. Herrmann, J. Nagler, J. S. Andrade Jr., N. A. M. Ara\\'ujo, T. Verma","submitted_at":"2016-01-30T18:09:42Z","abstract_excerpt":"We propose a probabilistic growth model for transport networks which employs a balance between popularity of nodes and the physical distance between nodes. By comparing the degree of each node in the model network and the WAN, we observe that the difference between the two is minimized for $\\alpha\\approx 2$. Interestingly, this is the value obtained for the node-node correlation function in the WAN. This suggests that our model explains quite well the growth of airline networks."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1602.00147","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"X2gjvkf/Z6+r755hwlIQgibO7LLdaJFcgtp+z4PvEc0VpKAWRMj5BiI0UFdnqDRULlYW4CIfhelIUEWeTpgmDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-24T02:45:45.385620Z"},"content_sha256":"23b87c12ea1f173ba78c6e558a204e99c1c33d2fc771eac7967a60e6f5b58d96","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:23b87c12ea1f173ba78c6e558a204e99c1c33d2fc771eac7967a60e6f5b58d96"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ICORFSXCXGMOVPV26KWMH5ADZT/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ICORFSXCXGMOVPV26KWMH5ADZT/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ICORFSXCXGMOVPV26KWMH5ADZT/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-24T02:45:45Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ICORFSXCXGMOVPV26KWMH5ADZT","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ICORFSXCXGMOVPV26KWMH5ADZT/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ICORFSXCXGMOVPV26KWMH5ADZT/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ICORFSXCXGMOVPV26KWMH5ADZT/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:ICORFSXCXGMOVPV26KWMH5ADZT","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"66328f8ff6cd3e8f8b25f415a60696e2ec07866b047c90e40070d449d8ae6350","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2016-01-30T18:09:42Z","title_canon_sha256":"5713c0eb63baec6b40e015c6f4db3320679fbad647d745f96d876ed6edfec7df"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1602.00147","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1602.00147","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1602.00147v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1602.00147","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ICORFSXCXGMO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ICORFSXCXGMOVPV2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ICORFSXC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:22Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:23b87c12ea1f173ba78c6e558a204e99c1c33d2fc771eac7967a60e6f5b58d96","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We propose a probabilistic growth model for transport networks which employs a balance between popularity of nodes and the physical distance between nodes. By comparing the degree of each node in the model network and the WAN, we observe that the difference between the two is minimized for $\\alpha\\approx 2$. Interestingly, this is the value obtained for the node-node correlation function in the WAN. This suggests that our model explains quite well the growth of airline networks.","authors_text":"H. J. Herrmann, J. Nagler, J. S. Andrade Jr., N. A. M. Ara\\'ujo, T. Verma","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2016-01-30T18:09:42Z","title":"Model for the growth of the World Airline Network"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1602.00147","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e83cc8e1ecacb0f0c4d8ec63b0b9aa241439dcf04269465a7ff56650e5d1203c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"66328f8ff6cd3e8f8b25f415a60696e2ec07866b047c90e40070d449d8ae6350","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2016-01-30T18:09:42Z","title_canon_sha256":"5713c0eb63baec6b40e015c6f4db3320679fbad647d745f96d876ed6edfec7df"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1602.00147","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"409d12cae2b998eabebaf2acc3f403ccdbba023a006e36972b02ca1f534f9be6","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"409d12cae2b998eabebaf2acc3f403ccdbba023a006e36972b02ca1f534f9be6","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:40.879801Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:40.879801Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"pFTosvxDNSKy7DQag3GU+XShLaNyRBqB/Mdt0+ylNao0noTDP40dyqVs4wIv1UU9bDhFBaf4bB59Iu5GTvZnAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:54:40.880285Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1602.00147","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e83cc8e1ecacb0f0c4d8ec63b0b9aa241439dcf04269465a7ff56650e5d1203c","sha256:23b87c12ea1f173ba78c6e558a204e99c1c33d2fc771eac7967a60e6f5b58d96"],"state_sha256":"5139d62b229bef9a212a3d3fe7966e406df0d20e9cab714335c5e0711eb91897"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"RzfUqb1lAumetwmpZXKn8b9Z7BwMbIc3eUNCHlASWVvqRhBtlqXdon/IxWGSyC7gf4pSJ0opLAjJA7ORx4GAAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-24T02:45:45.387996Z","bundle_sha256":"990854bb310963f3f969855a18f35ef37881a035569efff3fcb7a6546e1d719d"}}