{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:IFI7GFMVFU7LHVDQ2VWFHOLCZQ","short_pith_number":"pith:IFI7GFMV","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1402.2461","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2014-02-11T11:54:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math.IT"],"title_canon_sha256":"73c6d555feb44c94ce9ecb1542a836741186c9575a2ff80cf2e99b7169ef16b5","abstract_canon_sha256":"46c289adf64d026934185e380c6f406faa89a4381c0b2f33f68d4777facb3a88"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4151f315952d3eb3d470d56c53b962cc0e6947f5ac6b25c1c700ebf5f1baa922","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1402.2461","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1402.2461","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:47:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1402.2461v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:47:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1402.2461","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:47:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IFI7GFMVFU7L","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IFI7GFMVFU7LHVDQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IFI7GFMV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:33Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:IFI7GFMVFU7LHVDQ2VWFHOLCZQ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1402.2461","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2014-02-11T11:54:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math.IT"],"title_canon_sha256":"73c6d555feb44c94ce9ecb1542a836741186c9575a2ff80cf2e99b7169ef16b5","abstract_canon_sha256":"46c289adf64d026934185e380c6f406faa89a4381c0b2f33f68d4777facb3a88"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4151f315952d3eb3d470d56c53b962cc0e6947f5ac6b25c1c700ebf5f1baa922","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:47:15.643784Z","signature_b64":"xy9Slxg+QQY8ZRmx0RRSdvgkSYhyhFG/5cAoC6mGAPHYIwfeymzOOF75A3DdRi/H/E4YHEBoytEiVXFmMDLgAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"4151f315952d3eb3d470d56c53b962cc0e6947f5ac6b25c1c700ebf5f1baa922","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:47:15.643092Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:47:15.643092Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1402.2461","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:47:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6yGg6STYb2xvHp0hCt3VMJLmDef8WgsDlMnL/f0I4v+WIFDuC7v4UPpi4gcg1c7CzwEKwl0U5Bp2l7WaqBKBAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:59:21.753475Z"},"content_sha256":"2b1c520e03f2676dcbb7333bb32685b4924157dd0aac05e92f663ea969f2e3f3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2b1c520e03f2676dcbb7333bb32685b4924157dd0aac05e92f663ea969f2e3f3"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:IFI7GFMVFU7LHVDQ2VWFHOLCZQ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Distributions of Upper PAPR and Lower PAPR of OFDM Signals in Visible Light Communications","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["math.IT"],"primary_cat":"cs.IT","authors_text":"G. Tong Zhou, Robert J. Baxley, Zhenhua Yu","submitted_at":"2014-02-11T11:54:05Z","abstract_excerpt":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) in visible light communications (VLC) inherits the disadvantage of high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) from OFDM in radio frequency (RF) communications. The upper peak power and lower peak power of real-valued VLC-OFDM signals are both limited by the dynamic constraints of light emitting diodes (LEDs). The efficiency and transmitted electrical power are directly related with the upper PAPR (UPAPR) and lower PAPR (LPAPR) of VLC-OFDM. In this paper, we will derive the complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) of UPAPR and LPAPR, a"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1402.2461","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:47:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"HfV6NLq3UAUIDuxLQorf+ZxrwYrNoGCXwODvILuzP1QH3IX6DC+atRPwBzCfQSS4wqhIVfrCkd8GM/6oAP5cCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:59:21.753949Z"},"content_sha256":"5041325ea101534cc32b7743e966ca6d694ffe32a18072d7d18a11edf3478f2d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5041325ea101534cc32b7743e966ca6d694ffe32a18072d7d18a11edf3478f2d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IFI7GFMVFU7LHVDQ2VWFHOLCZQ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IFI7GFMVFU7LHVDQ2VWFHOLCZQ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IFI7GFMVFU7LHVDQ2VWFHOLCZQ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-05T11:59:21Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/IFI7GFMVFU7LHVDQ2VWFHOLCZQ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/IFI7GFMVFU7LHVDQ2VWFHOLCZQ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/IFI7GFMVFU7LHVDQ2VWFHOLCZQ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IFI7GFMVFU7LHVDQ2VWFHOLCZQ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:IFI7GFMVFU7LHVDQ2VWFHOLCZQ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"46c289adf64d026934185e380c6f406faa89a4381c0b2f33f68d4777facb3a88","cross_cats_sorted":["math.IT"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2014-02-11T11:54:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"73c6d555feb44c94ce9ecb1542a836741186c9575a2ff80cf2e99b7169ef16b5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1402.2461","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1402.2461","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:47:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1402.2461v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:47:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1402.2461","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:47:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IFI7GFMVFU7L","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IFI7GFMVFU7LHVDQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IFI7GFMV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:33Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:5041325ea101534cc32b7743e966ca6d694ffe32a18072d7d18a11edf3478f2d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:47:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) in visible light communications (VLC) inherits the disadvantage of high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) from OFDM in radio frequency (RF) communications. The upper peak power and lower peak power of real-valued VLC-OFDM signals are both limited by the dynamic constraints of light emitting diodes (LEDs). The efficiency and transmitted electrical power are directly related with the upper PAPR (UPAPR) and lower PAPR (LPAPR) of VLC-OFDM. In this paper, we will derive the complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) of UPAPR and LPAPR, a","authors_text":"G. Tong Zhou, Robert J. Baxley, Zhenhua Yu","cross_cats":["math.IT"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2014-02-11T11:54:05Z","title":"Distributions of Upper PAPR and Lower PAPR of OFDM Signals in Visible Light Communications"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1402.2461","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:2b1c520e03f2676dcbb7333bb32685b4924157dd0aac05e92f663ea969f2e3f3","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:47:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"46c289adf64d026934185e380c6f406faa89a4381c0b2f33f68d4777facb3a88","cross_cats_sorted":["math.IT"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2014-02-11T11:54:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"73c6d555feb44c94ce9ecb1542a836741186c9575a2ff80cf2e99b7169ef16b5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1402.2461","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"4151f315952d3eb3d470d56c53b962cc0e6947f5ac6b25c1c700ebf5f1baa922","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"4151f315952d3eb3d470d56c53b962cc0e6947f5ac6b25c1c700ebf5f1baa922","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:47:15.643092Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:47:15.643092Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"xy9Slxg+QQY8ZRmx0RRSdvgkSYhyhFG/5cAoC6mGAPHYIwfeymzOOF75A3DdRi/H/E4YHEBoytEiVXFmMDLgAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:47:15.643784Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1402.2461","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:2b1c520e03f2676dcbb7333bb32685b4924157dd0aac05e92f663ea969f2e3f3","sha256:5041325ea101534cc32b7743e966ca6d694ffe32a18072d7d18a11edf3478f2d"],"state_sha256":"01c174c3ed10e7106181a450348533346595dc181df7ef131e727dcb72742da6"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"mpMvcoGWyo+svUnRT6ZTckabyL0Ii7b41YeQmNPK2VFG3iCdOWmwM7E5CBZbv0JUPkfcCoYxojJ4mrJ9tsCdAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:59:21.756504Z","bundle_sha256":"ac076f75e95ceb964f81912b7c1ec1d748c124d1a1b66d3875391b092a85a296"}}