{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2007:IGBZ3DWVRQCTPNNDYRBYQK5IC7","short_pith_number":"pith:IGBZ3DWV","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0712.2439","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2007-12-14T19:49:35Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.str-el","physics.atom-ph","quant-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"0765beae01ec84c72f62b0f28aae0cb124c9b9dec752a796b06f1f005db89948","abstract_canon_sha256":"4a5aec6dd76b2832f32fbd1827fb1f67997018d0e7cb9112b5015ad55e1681cb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"41839d8ed58c0537b5a3c443882ba817ef622f77b0b7de65ada4e04e050cd2f7","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"0712.2439","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0712.2439","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:15:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0712.2439v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:15:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0712.2439","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:15:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IGBZ3DWVRQCT","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:15:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IGBZ3DWVRQCTPNND","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:15:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IGBZ3DWV","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:15:48Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2007:IGBZ3DWVRQCTPNNDYRBYQK5IC7","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0712.2439","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2007-12-14T19:49:35Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.str-el","physics.atom-ph","quant-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"0765beae01ec84c72f62b0f28aae0cb124c9b9dec752a796b06f1f005db89948","abstract_canon_sha256":"4a5aec6dd76b2832f32fbd1827fb1f67997018d0e7cb9112b5015ad55e1681cb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"41839d8ed58c0537b5a3c443882ba817ef622f77b0b7de65ada4e04e050cd2f7","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T15:15:48.801273Z","signature_b64":"U0gbUf7MXsGyF4I6/f/mW+k6lEFm1WUULCraMRgbQc0oAJx4p8RoqAvcGcMVEto9nbD3WYCDhwC+aIGKYj7hDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"41839d8ed58c0537b5a3c443882ba817ef622f77b0b7de65ada4e04e050cd2f7","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T15:15:48.800805Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T15:15:48.800805Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"0712.2439","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T15:15:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nAaZOZktf1HzGDcNNaKowpLyU+uPqRvjXfYpUF0Je8mLTA/HGn3PKxgDbXYVJ+987YI9rnuRPD4wxy9/sCjVCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T19:01:16.370690Z"},"content_sha256":"80b2e53d483a8273f1e1b0c36fe567950bfe173a4d84abd1bc220b2c3113e493","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:80b2e53d483a8273f1e1b0c36fe567950bfe173a4d84abd1bc220b2c3113e493"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2007:IGBZ3DWVRQCTPNNDYRBYQK5IC7","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Electron fractionalization for two-dimensional Dirac fermions","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.str-el","physics.atom-ph","quant-ph"],"primary_cat":"hep-th","authors_text":"Chang-Yu Hou, Christopher Mudry, Claudio Chamon, Gordon Semenoff, Roman Jackiw, So-Young Pi","submitted_at":"2007-12-14T19:49:35Z","abstract_excerpt":"Fermion-number fractionalization without breaking of time-reversal symmetry was recently demonstrated for a field theory in $(2+1)$-dimensional space and time that describes the couplings between massive Dirac fermions, a complex-valued Higgs field carrying an axial gauge charge of 2, and a U(1) axial gauge field. Charge fractionalization occurs whenever the Higgs field either supports vortices by itself, or when these vortices are accompanied by half-vortices in the axial gauge field. The fractional charge is computed by three different techniques. A formula for the fractional charge is given"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0712.2439","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/0712.2439/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T15:15:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"jcozJDetOEXm5LPZoJajTjYv85MDjgxbmw5vUQQBGbGJVSp6DmxxbOAq8ciFw/yr1ez31310CBcqUVMdZMS4Cw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T19:01:16.371564Z"},"content_sha256":"19e9f3d93e47416254d2401278913e8776bbe99a0b96debc15664939df7c52cc","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:19e9f3d93e47416254d2401278913e8776bbe99a0b96debc15664939df7c52cc"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IGBZ3DWVRQCTPNNDYRBYQK5IC7/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IGBZ3DWVRQCTPNNDYRBYQK5IC7/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IGBZ3DWVRQCTPNNDYRBYQK5IC7/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-14T19:01:16Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/IGBZ3DWVRQCTPNNDYRBYQK5IC7","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/IGBZ3DWVRQCTPNNDYRBYQK5IC7/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/IGBZ3DWVRQCTPNNDYRBYQK5IC7/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IGBZ3DWVRQCTPNNDYRBYQK5IC7/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2007:IGBZ3DWVRQCTPNNDYRBYQK5IC7","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4a5aec6dd76b2832f32fbd1827fb1f67997018d0e7cb9112b5015ad55e1681cb","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.str-el","physics.atom-ph","quant-ph"],"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2007-12-14T19:49:35Z","title_canon_sha256":"0765beae01ec84c72f62b0f28aae0cb124c9b9dec752a796b06f1f005db89948"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0712.2439","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0712.2439","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:15:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0712.2439v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:15:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0712.2439","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:15:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IGBZ3DWVRQCT","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:15:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IGBZ3DWVRQCTPNND","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:15:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IGBZ3DWV","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:15:48Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:19e9f3d93e47416254d2401278913e8776bbe99a0b96debc15664939df7c52cc","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:15:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/0712.2439/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Fermion-number fractionalization without breaking of time-reversal symmetry was recently demonstrated for a field theory in $(2+1)$-dimensional space and time that describes the couplings between massive Dirac fermions, a complex-valued Higgs field carrying an axial gauge charge of 2, and a U(1) axial gauge field. Charge fractionalization occurs whenever the Higgs field either supports vortices by itself, or when these vortices are accompanied by half-vortices in the axial gauge field. The fractional charge is computed by three different techniques. A formula for the fractional charge is given","authors_text":"Chang-Yu Hou, Christopher Mudry, Claudio Chamon, Gordon Semenoff, Roman Jackiw, So-Young Pi","cross_cats":["cond-mat.str-el","physics.atom-ph","quant-ph"],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2007-12-14T19:49:35Z","title":"Electron fractionalization for two-dimensional Dirac fermions"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0712.2439","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:80b2e53d483a8273f1e1b0c36fe567950bfe173a4d84abd1bc220b2c3113e493","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:15:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4a5aec6dd76b2832f32fbd1827fb1f67997018d0e7cb9112b5015ad55e1681cb","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.str-el","physics.atom-ph","quant-ph"],"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2007-12-14T19:49:35Z","title_canon_sha256":"0765beae01ec84c72f62b0f28aae0cb124c9b9dec752a796b06f1f005db89948"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0712.2439","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"41839d8ed58c0537b5a3c443882ba817ef622f77b0b7de65ada4e04e050cd2f7","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"41839d8ed58c0537b5a3c443882ba817ef622f77b0b7de65ada4e04e050cd2f7","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T15:15:48.800805Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T15:15:48.800805Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"U0gbUf7MXsGyF4I6/f/mW+k6lEFm1WUULCraMRgbQc0oAJx4p8RoqAvcGcMVEto9nbD3WYCDhwC+aIGKYj7hDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T15:15:48.801273Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"0712.2439","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:80b2e53d483a8273f1e1b0c36fe567950bfe173a4d84abd1bc220b2c3113e493","sha256:19e9f3d93e47416254d2401278913e8776bbe99a0b96debc15664939df7c52cc"],"state_sha256":"546aaa703af0abf34ce1a02e6071ff9dfb0f241ef60a49f457164568d9e38f0f"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"4pNd6HwvnM6935JYMnnAe1gVv07mZSYTGbooh43Gemy4S8qWJ+VxmHYj66kVBHTLX9yh0p5JXz26JmiQW0seAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T19:01:16.446911Z","bundle_sha256":"ec65422fe7da616be3c237ef9b766f2232709803fa085d40d66fc7e59838ac73"}}