{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:IIDCDTO76APBT3F7YL4AASY566","short_pith_number":"pith:IIDCDTO7","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1811.02652","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2018-11-06T21:08:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9635da6f871d0860c86e25d7fc56db8991a571c72d481dd9665c5527a3c87c14","abstract_canon_sha256":"3e48bf6c082ae087298c7d414158ea31fb0c288b7c65d79e501e281333914a42"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"420621cddff01e19ecbfc2f8004b1df7b692afbf11a28a69c221af771d6948ce","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1811.02652","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1811.02652","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1811.02652v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1811.02652","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IIDCDTO76APB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IIDCDTO76APBT3F7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IIDCDTO7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:31Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:IIDCDTO76APBT3F7YL4AASY566","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1811.02652","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2018-11-06T21:08:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9635da6f871d0860c86e25d7fc56db8991a571c72d481dd9665c5527a3c87c14","abstract_canon_sha256":"3e48bf6c082ae087298c7d414158ea31fb0c288b7c65d79e501e281333914a42"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"420621cddff01e19ecbfc2f8004b1df7b692afbf11a28a69c221af771d6948ce","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:21.134989Z","signature_b64":"CfC2mAzUvMNDwi9fEB0mvWETPI559B0AipqmzCDVZYDVhPmAEVz19YJ83vi2x90oiAihh0yMRAyfwEdTjkreAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"420621cddff01e19ecbfc2f8004b1df7b692afbf11a28a69c221af771d6948ce","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:21.134439Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:21.134439Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1811.02652","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:21Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xgMlu+sBcutXiYiqFYnOmZ5WCNcQCPEuZEOw38HY6EN2zlMjbhE9LROdsS0FMpJ6QIUtpDskwI+/WX+003tfAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T13:51:58.934195Z"},"content_sha256":"a73f23d62b6d19b4a313a3a6cff6b2472da443e1803bd64cbba85e59fb7c5a1a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a73f23d62b6d19b4a313a3a6cff6b2472da443e1803bd64cbba85e59fb7c5a1a"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:IIDCDTO76APBT3F7YL4AASY566","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Planning Low-Carbon Campus Energy Hubs","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"math.OC","authors_text":"Chongqing Kang, Daniel J. Olsen, Daniel S. Kirschen, Miguel A. Ortega-Vazquez, Ning Zhang","submitted_at":"2018-11-06T21:08:05Z","abstract_excerpt":"Multi-energy systems can provide a constant level of service to end-use energy demands, while deriving delivered energy from a variety of primary/secondary energy sources. This fuel-switching capability can be used to reduce operating expenses, reduce environmental impacts, improve flexibility to accommodate renewable energy, and improve reliability.\n  This paper presents four frameworks for incentivizing energy hub equipment investments for low-carbon operation targets. These frameworks vary in the measures taken to achieve low-carbon operation (explicit constraint vs. carbon pricing) and in "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1811.02652","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:21Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"FdcN2NVJbozHqWYjYQyd915+tnjrnewrhAEzCTApOH345Z4M6g3k0iGCvLM9h0BQ7++ONq2XYftUuWNzc6g5Cw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T13:51:58.934794Z"},"content_sha256":"219360d38fccb91e430de454f2882f2fea6689a18a5da4bea84d48562522260a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:219360d38fccb91e430de454f2882f2fea6689a18a5da4bea84d48562522260a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IIDCDTO76APBT3F7YL4AASY566/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IIDCDTO76APBT3F7YL4AASY566/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IIDCDTO76APBT3F7YL4AASY566/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-27T13:51:58Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/IIDCDTO76APBT3F7YL4AASY566","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/IIDCDTO76APBT3F7YL4AASY566/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/IIDCDTO76APBT3F7YL4AASY566/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IIDCDTO76APBT3F7YL4AASY566/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:IIDCDTO76APBT3F7YL4AASY566","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3e48bf6c082ae087298c7d414158ea31fb0c288b7c65d79e501e281333914a42","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2018-11-06T21:08:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"9635da6f871d0860c86e25d7fc56db8991a571c72d481dd9665c5527a3c87c14"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1811.02652","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1811.02652","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1811.02652v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1811.02652","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IIDCDTO76APB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IIDCDTO76APBT3F7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IIDCDTO7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:31Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:219360d38fccb91e430de454f2882f2fea6689a18a5da4bea84d48562522260a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:21Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Multi-energy systems can provide a constant level of service to end-use energy demands, while deriving delivered energy from a variety of primary/secondary energy sources. This fuel-switching capability can be used to reduce operating expenses, reduce environmental impacts, improve flexibility to accommodate renewable energy, and improve reliability.\n  This paper presents four frameworks for incentivizing energy hub equipment investments for low-carbon operation targets. These frameworks vary in the measures taken to achieve low-carbon operation (explicit constraint vs. carbon pricing) and in ","authors_text":"Chongqing Kang, Daniel J. Olsen, Daniel S. Kirschen, Miguel A. Ortega-Vazquez, Ning Zhang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2018-11-06T21:08:05Z","title":"Planning Low-Carbon Campus Energy Hubs"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1811.02652","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a73f23d62b6d19b4a313a3a6cff6b2472da443e1803bd64cbba85e59fb7c5a1a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:21Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3e48bf6c082ae087298c7d414158ea31fb0c288b7c65d79e501e281333914a42","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2018-11-06T21:08:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"9635da6f871d0860c86e25d7fc56db8991a571c72d481dd9665c5527a3c87c14"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1811.02652","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"420621cddff01e19ecbfc2f8004b1df7b692afbf11a28a69c221af771d6948ce","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"420621cddff01e19ecbfc2f8004b1df7b692afbf11a28a69c221af771d6948ce","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:21.134439Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:21.134439Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"CfC2mAzUvMNDwi9fEB0mvWETPI559B0AipqmzCDVZYDVhPmAEVz19YJ83vi2x90oiAihh0yMRAyfwEdTjkreAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:21.134989Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1811.02652","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a73f23d62b6d19b4a313a3a6cff6b2472da443e1803bd64cbba85e59fb7c5a1a","sha256:219360d38fccb91e430de454f2882f2fea6689a18a5da4bea84d48562522260a"],"state_sha256":"f5b52750becd14ba5eccdfc4d55d3e29c6015369f4eea7be55bfe759ec1967c9"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"V7lWEvlbdjUWv9qpcoxnoDKIuZ9NAgG0AtlQGnqk2pbvbJup+KYO3f7hIFdcUy44f3fgCNn9pYaaT3eJEW2yCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T13:51:58.938564Z","bundle_sha256":"02f112a916d191ed6bd8500b078de485e83d4aaa32fb27254607f2f4aefe8b6e"}}