{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:ILTXK5WZODRGTVONCNJHFNKUJD","short_pith_number":"pith:ILTXK5WZ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2505.00443","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2025-05-01T10:37:06Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"759c9e367faff7aa3e4c4febf79e0de377c3ad9caa96f198272269d166335c11","abstract_canon_sha256":"030f029c81d797e7fc8ffbf4dc95bd56dcb27ad3f747b7b6db86ce9d9908a2d4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"42e77576d970e269d5cd135272b55448d3dc93e5adbf031ca39cc7cadd3ba253","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2505.00443","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2505.00443","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2505.00443v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2505.00443","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ILTXK5WZODRG","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ILTXK5WZODRGTVON","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ILTXK5WZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:13Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:ILTXK5WZODRGTVONCNJHFNKUJD","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2505.00443","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2025-05-01T10:37:06Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"759c9e367faff7aa3e4c4febf79e0de377c3ad9caa96f198272269d166335c11","abstract_canon_sha256":"030f029c81d797e7fc8ffbf4dc95bd56dcb27ad3f747b7b6db86ce9d9908a2d4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"42e77576d970e269d5cd135272b55448d3dc93e5adbf031ca39cc7cadd3ba253","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:13.750702Z","signature_b64":"iI+8nQdnqblNvkC2Yk3E4dd/iHVT72eIjlEQu3LPYA1bbdnnUPArAFUNMI605wqiscIONhlsizozpnsNLx0eDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"42e77576d970e269d5cd135272b55448d3dc93e5adbf031ca39cc7cadd3ba253","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:13.750169Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:13.750169Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2505.00443","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:13Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"EH0F0xm/raoyXo/Fl7nQpVvM0zOKbpwUBi3Hsq3bOsjSshfx98aDedQMPvXe5pyTDwrhNdVTuzD0gAr+SAoTCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T09:14:16.699268Z"},"content_sha256":"7d8d7cd29af4b2c6e50b17a2b7db81ae91921dfa7ccd0f80fbefbfed391dcf65","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7d8d7cd29af4b2c6e50b17a2b7db81ae91921dfa7ccd0f80fbefbfed391dcf65"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:ILTXK5WZODRGTVONCNJHFNKUJD","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Distributed Retrieval-Augmented Generation","license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.DC","authors_text":"Chenhao Xu, Longxiang Gao, Xi Zheng, Yuan Miao","submitted_at":"2025-05-01T10:37:06Z","abstract_excerpt":"As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly adopted on edge devices, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is gaining prominence as a solution to address factual deficiencies and hallucinations by integrating external knowledge. However, centralized RAG architectures face significant challenges in data privacy and scalability. For instance, smart healthcare services often rely on collecting sensitive patient data and building a centralized knowledge base to provide better diagnosis and treatment advice, while privacy concerns significantly impede this process. Besides, maintaining a com"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2505.00443","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2505.00443/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:13Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"fJLHZ+TgVnf6Siczj6S38dqG5xyV9tEB60mVZlhiEh18fo7DcjKhXBoHJ1xsUvPjY42gDrPyAbwxUy5UR1iwCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T09:14:16.699781Z"},"content_sha256":"1a99ada6fbc9ba5ed953a493a5ceacd7000ca76af66f45cb1468848d428ef793","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1a99ada6fbc9ba5ed953a493a5ceacd7000ca76af66f45cb1468848d428ef793"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ILTXK5WZODRGTVONCNJHFNKUJD/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ILTXK5WZODRGTVONCNJHFNKUJD/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ILTXK5WZODRGTVONCNJHFNKUJD/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-17T09:14:16Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ILTXK5WZODRGTVONCNJHFNKUJD","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ILTXK5WZODRGTVONCNJHFNKUJD/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ILTXK5WZODRGTVONCNJHFNKUJD/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ILTXK5WZODRGTVONCNJHFNKUJD/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:ILTXK5WZODRGTVONCNJHFNKUJD","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"030f029c81d797e7fc8ffbf4dc95bd56dcb27ad3f747b7b6db86ce9d9908a2d4","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2025-05-01T10:37:06Z","title_canon_sha256":"759c9e367faff7aa3e4c4febf79e0de377c3ad9caa96f198272269d166335c11"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2505.00443","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2505.00443","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2505.00443v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2505.00443","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ILTXK5WZODRG","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ILTXK5WZODRGTVON","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ILTXK5WZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:13Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1a99ada6fbc9ba5ed953a493a5ceacd7000ca76af66f45cb1468848d428ef793","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:13Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2505.00443/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly adopted on edge devices, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is gaining prominence as a solution to address factual deficiencies and hallucinations by integrating external knowledge. However, centralized RAG architectures face significant challenges in data privacy and scalability. For instance, smart healthcare services often rely on collecting sensitive patient data and building a centralized knowledge base to provide better diagnosis and treatment advice, while privacy concerns significantly impede this process. Besides, maintaining a com","authors_text":"Chenhao Xu, Longxiang Gao, Xi Zheng, Yuan Miao","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2025-05-01T10:37:06Z","title":"Distributed Retrieval-Augmented Generation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2505.00443","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:7d8d7cd29af4b2c6e50b17a2b7db81ae91921dfa7ccd0f80fbefbfed391dcf65","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:13Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"030f029c81d797e7fc8ffbf4dc95bd56dcb27ad3f747b7b6db86ce9d9908a2d4","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2025-05-01T10:37:06Z","title_canon_sha256":"759c9e367faff7aa3e4c4febf79e0de377c3ad9caa96f198272269d166335c11"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2505.00443","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"42e77576d970e269d5cd135272b55448d3dc93e5adbf031ca39cc7cadd3ba253","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"42e77576d970e269d5cd135272b55448d3dc93e5adbf031ca39cc7cadd3ba253","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:13.750169Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:13.750169Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"iI+8nQdnqblNvkC2Yk3E4dd/iHVT72eIjlEQu3LPYA1bbdnnUPArAFUNMI605wqiscIONhlsizozpnsNLx0eDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:57:13.750702Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2505.00443","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:7d8d7cd29af4b2c6e50b17a2b7db81ae91921dfa7ccd0f80fbefbfed391dcf65","sha256:1a99ada6fbc9ba5ed953a493a5ceacd7000ca76af66f45cb1468848d428ef793"],"state_sha256":"b857c63e630617cd733be1396e733e0021b208b6100abb8b320fda9948b9b14e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"KQWjHkJbbtvIs+PKjexhi+cm10bzMUHy/zVAJyykry41m260tytHautAMUUqOiK7xtqya0rW2ItAkoCETujWDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T09:14:16.705035Z","bundle_sha256":"29e9590ce0effa6173fdb0b0032fce9c5fee64730c643aedc501ba0fd5cb8b6a"}}