{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1998:INJF5NILCA2VB5QZOLMGY3DQ46","short_pith_number":"pith:INJF5NIL","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"hep-ph/9811353","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"1998-11-16T21:19:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"60c17151b91655067cccce70829cbda5e111774d5124886bcfc903c357b68ad5","abstract_canon_sha256":"70dec48cc45bdaa6f10535061e9b1c6eb18c8f29c64c9e3750ad68f2070da789"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"43525eb50b103550f61972d86c6c70e79c6fbbd93706b05f70b7185050f71353","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"hep-ph/9811353","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"hep-ph/9811353","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"hep-ph/9811353v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.hep-ph/9811353","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"INJF5NILCA2V","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"INJF5NILCA2VB5QZ","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"INJF5NIL","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:35Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:1998:INJF5NILCA2VB5QZOLMGY3DQ46","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"hep-ph/9811353","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"1998-11-16T21:19:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"60c17151b91655067cccce70829cbda5e111774d5124886bcfc903c357b68ad5","abstract_canon_sha256":"70dec48cc45bdaa6f10535061e9b1c6eb18c8f29c64c9e3750ad68f2070da789"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"43525eb50b103550f61972d86c6c70e79c6fbbd93706b05f70b7185050f71353","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:35.792918Z","signature_b64":"d7FzERcbWQdbTVQcOlmWlLJw6U/v4VJ10ucKu5vJHbLHQovftl83qQUaQY8/hdZqUj+KAVVAQDt+aDMgr36HCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"43525eb50b103550f61972d86c6c70e79c6fbbd93706b05f70b7185050f71353","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:35.792518Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:35.792518Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"hep-ph/9811353","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"sg3nyuwtbrFCo/5SE1jS6TUkaPkNs05Xh5edDoZN1fn2VGMQ58AppUi2ySJ6slW/XVy4X5eO1KUM3cUCTK7eCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T21:54:14.445987Z"},"content_sha256":"0ff6d06cd7120da5dc7c5fd718cbec737ac72bff77f7841b05cac35cc12a6980","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0ff6d06cd7120da5dc7c5fd718cbec737ac72bff77f7841b05cac35cc12a6980"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:1998:INJF5NILCA2VB5QZOLMGY3DQ46","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"New origin for approximate symmetries from distant breaking in extra dimensions","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":["hep-th"],"primary_cat":"hep-ph","authors_text":"Nima Arkani-Hamed, Savas Dimopoulos","submitted_at":"1998-11-16T21:19:36Z","abstract_excerpt":"The recently proposed theories with TeV-scale quantum gravity remove the usual ultraviolet desert between $\\sim 10^{3} - 10^{19}$ GeV where effective field theory ideas apply. Consequently, the success of the desert in explaining approximate symmetries is lost, and theories of flavor, neutrino masses, proton longevity or supersymmetry breaking, lose their usual habitat. In this paper we show that these ideas can find a new home in an infrared desert: the large space in the extra dimensions. The main idea is that symmetries are primordially exact on our brane, but are broken at O(1) on distant "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"hep-ph/9811353","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/hep-ph/9811353/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"u0QAh/sspiiLbPdqXjH4Io5Wm/PepzT091mocLdqRWKIjDn9HBdeqjnC5VnyNnpzEC7KBn/YDDSGcwpsY6p5Dg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T21:54:14.446535Z"},"content_sha256":"e1ebe6c8d081307eb9cda6d30b0695f740776971308e0edd65a60326eff9dd07","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e1ebe6c8d081307eb9cda6d30b0695f740776971308e0edd65a60326eff9dd07"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/INJF5NILCA2VB5QZOLMGY3DQ46/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/INJF5NILCA2VB5QZOLMGY3DQ46/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/INJF5NILCA2VB5QZOLMGY3DQ46/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-18T21:54:14Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/INJF5NILCA2VB5QZOLMGY3DQ46","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/INJF5NILCA2VB5QZOLMGY3DQ46/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/INJF5NILCA2VB5QZOLMGY3DQ46/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/INJF5NILCA2VB5QZOLMGY3DQ46/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1998:INJF5NILCA2VB5QZOLMGY3DQ46","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"70dec48cc45bdaa6f10535061e9b1c6eb18c8f29c64c9e3750ad68f2070da789","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th"],"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"1998-11-16T21:19:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"60c17151b91655067cccce70829cbda5e111774d5124886bcfc903c357b68ad5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"hep-ph/9811353","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"hep-ph/9811353","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"hep-ph/9811353v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.hep-ph/9811353","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"INJF5NILCA2V","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"INJF5NILCA2VB5QZ","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"INJF5NIL","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:35Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e1ebe6c8d081307eb9cda6d30b0695f740776971308e0edd65a60326eff9dd07","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/hep-ph/9811353/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The recently proposed theories with TeV-scale quantum gravity remove the usual ultraviolet desert between $\\sim 10^{3} - 10^{19}$ GeV where effective field theory ideas apply. Consequently, the success of the desert in explaining approximate symmetries is lost, and theories of flavor, neutrino masses, proton longevity or supersymmetry breaking, lose their usual habitat. In this paper we show that these ideas can find a new home in an infrared desert: the large space in the extra dimensions. The main idea is that symmetries are primordially exact on our brane, but are broken at O(1) on distant ","authors_text":"Nima Arkani-Hamed, Savas Dimopoulos","cross_cats":["hep-th"],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"1998-11-16T21:19:36Z","title":"New origin for approximate symmetries from distant breaking in extra dimensions"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"hep-ph/9811353","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:0ff6d06cd7120da5dc7c5fd718cbec737ac72bff77f7841b05cac35cc12a6980","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"70dec48cc45bdaa6f10535061e9b1c6eb18c8f29c64c9e3750ad68f2070da789","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th"],"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"1998-11-16T21:19:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"60c17151b91655067cccce70829cbda5e111774d5124886bcfc903c357b68ad5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"hep-ph/9811353","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"43525eb50b103550f61972d86c6c70e79c6fbbd93706b05f70b7185050f71353","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"43525eb50b103550f61972d86c6c70e79c6fbbd93706b05f70b7185050f71353","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:35.792518Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:35.792518Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"d7FzERcbWQdbTVQcOlmWlLJw6U/v4VJ10ucKu5vJHbLHQovftl83qQUaQY8/hdZqUj+KAVVAQDt+aDMgr36HCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T16:09:35.792918Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"hep-ph/9811353","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:0ff6d06cd7120da5dc7c5fd718cbec737ac72bff77f7841b05cac35cc12a6980","sha256:e1ebe6c8d081307eb9cda6d30b0695f740776971308e0edd65a60326eff9dd07"],"state_sha256":"62d746965435abc9c7e92a6ef31733ad19fdcf6a6e1fda3db4ceeeb9fac28473"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"XInxWFif/CvPiyYHMNy6qdh0vUvruq9+gxKAE3DzfkoUioyBCKPCKnNJrIopPKBDeQXaPZNTtaAQLUzqohTDCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T21:54:14.451413Z","bundle_sha256":"ba33941a1b9034e2c29f6661c0cb0ec8ff33e77a8fc24184be15c8183f526be0"}}