{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:IZDTBP6F4JT3VZTAVRH5YY3CHO","short_pith_number":"pith:IZDTBP6F","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1211.1654","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2012-11-07T19:57:13Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV","stat.AP"],"title_canon_sha256":"5dde626dd5844fe713f95841e65083faae7ef0c03a90c12211fa893a1d3cb6aa","abstract_canon_sha256":"677cdc7df3a9eaa0eaa282aba61691ab78479d9ceccc833f1f32fa479041e28c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"464730bfc5e267bae660ac4fdc63623b807faafeb6faa04c34230425c321b661","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1211.1654","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1211.1654","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:41:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1211.1654v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:41:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1211.1654","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:41:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IZDTBP6F4JT3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IZDTBP6F4JT3VZTA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IZDTBP6F","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:09Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:IZDTBP6F4JT3VZTAVRH5YY3CHO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1211.1654","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2012-11-07T19:57:13Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV","stat.AP"],"title_canon_sha256":"5dde626dd5844fe713f95841e65083faae7ef0c03a90c12211fa893a1d3cb6aa","abstract_canon_sha256":"677cdc7df3a9eaa0eaa282aba61691ab78479d9ceccc833f1f32fa479041e28c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"464730bfc5e267bae660ac4fdc63623b807faafeb6faa04c34230425c321b661","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:41:20.566606Z","signature_b64":"lxC54Femd9vYgIrb9Z9xLBhOnuThSZSJFMpeTSeFffjsiNZxa75CUyw458MkjWMy+Cj9NQHx+GdCl/IVrMNBAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"464730bfc5e267bae660ac4fdc63623b807faafeb6faa04c34230425c321b661","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:41:20.566173Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:41:20.566173Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1211.1654","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:41:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Gu3cg/ClqGc7k9Ivs003IHMs4/Ep9L5Z0oS3hi35FS+J5m+NVIYq16AtNjoWe3Xt+Avs/IvMgET9SkI2nD8MDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-24T09:23:26.362180Z"},"content_sha256":"67bb76d9343c8d7eb28980a09daed223a8f4c212e5bb288c83b90344f2b3bdd9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:67bb76d9343c8d7eb28980a09daed223a8f4c212e5bb288c83b90344f2b3bdd9"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:IZDTBP6F4JT3VZTAVRH5YY3CHO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A New Randomness Evaluation Method with Applications to Image Shuffling and Encryption","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CV","stat.AP"],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Joseph P. Noonan, Sos Agaian, Yue Wu","submitted_at":"2012-11-07T19:57:13Z","abstract_excerpt":"This letter discusses the problem of testing the degree of randomness within an image, particularly for a shuffled or encrypted image. Its key contributions are: 1) a mathematical model of perfectly shuffled images; 2) the derivation of the theoretical distribution of pixel differences; 3) a new $Z$-test based approach to differentiate whether or not a test image is perfectly shuffled; and 4) a randomized algorithm to unbiasedly evaluate the degree of randomness within a given image. Simulation results show that the proposed method is robust and effective in evaluating the degree of randomness"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1211.1654","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:41:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Zg7oja/fl04zyjeyqSmNIIsjFaa83egsiNedW+w/G+QMJSD1iJiG0v2E02uJFf5DWTvDuba/0mtoSROAEBD+Bw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-24T09:23:26.362542Z"},"content_sha256":"fef19a6c40a94ff75078f4effbbef78cfbcf539779b9365e5d8dc0d97fc879b5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fef19a6c40a94ff75078f4effbbef78cfbcf539779b9365e5d8dc0d97fc879b5"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IZDTBP6F4JT3VZTAVRH5YY3CHO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IZDTBP6F4JT3VZTAVRH5YY3CHO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IZDTBP6F4JT3VZTAVRH5YY3CHO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-24T09:23:26Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/IZDTBP6F4JT3VZTAVRH5YY3CHO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/IZDTBP6F4JT3VZTAVRH5YY3CHO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/IZDTBP6F4JT3VZTAVRH5YY3CHO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IZDTBP6F4JT3VZTAVRH5YY3CHO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:IZDTBP6F4JT3VZTAVRH5YY3CHO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"677cdc7df3a9eaa0eaa282aba61691ab78479d9ceccc833f1f32fa479041e28c","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV","stat.AP"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2012-11-07T19:57:13Z","title_canon_sha256":"5dde626dd5844fe713f95841e65083faae7ef0c03a90c12211fa893a1d3cb6aa"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1211.1654","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1211.1654","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:41:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1211.1654v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:41:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1211.1654","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:41:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IZDTBP6F4JT3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IZDTBP6F4JT3VZTA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IZDTBP6F","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:09Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:fef19a6c40a94ff75078f4effbbef78cfbcf539779b9365e5d8dc0d97fc879b5","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:41:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"This letter discusses the problem of testing the degree of randomness within an image, particularly for a shuffled or encrypted image. Its key contributions are: 1) a mathematical model of perfectly shuffled images; 2) the derivation of the theoretical distribution of pixel differences; 3) a new $Z$-test based approach to differentiate whether or not a test image is perfectly shuffled; and 4) a randomized algorithm to unbiasedly evaluate the degree of randomness within a given image. Simulation results show that the proposed method is robust and effective in evaluating the degree of randomness","authors_text":"Joseph P. Noonan, Sos Agaian, Yue Wu","cross_cats":["cs.CV","stat.AP"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2012-11-07T19:57:13Z","title":"A New Randomness Evaluation Method with Applications to Image Shuffling and Encryption"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1211.1654","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:67bb76d9343c8d7eb28980a09daed223a8f4c212e5bb288c83b90344f2b3bdd9","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:41:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"677cdc7df3a9eaa0eaa282aba61691ab78479d9ceccc833f1f32fa479041e28c","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV","stat.AP"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2012-11-07T19:57:13Z","title_canon_sha256":"5dde626dd5844fe713f95841e65083faae7ef0c03a90c12211fa893a1d3cb6aa"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1211.1654","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"464730bfc5e267bae660ac4fdc63623b807faafeb6faa04c34230425c321b661","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"464730bfc5e267bae660ac4fdc63623b807faafeb6faa04c34230425c321b661","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:41:20.566173Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:41:20.566173Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"lxC54Femd9vYgIrb9Z9xLBhOnuThSZSJFMpeTSeFffjsiNZxa75CUyw458MkjWMy+Cj9NQHx+GdCl/IVrMNBAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:41:20.566606Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1211.1654","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:67bb76d9343c8d7eb28980a09daed223a8f4c212e5bb288c83b90344f2b3bdd9","sha256:fef19a6c40a94ff75078f4effbbef78cfbcf539779b9365e5d8dc0d97fc879b5"],"state_sha256":"2bf22f5317a5d0632697d2ae34cecb0dead52eef420b608f35300bafc43d0cd9"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qw9yEuNv35uD2NU87zSV4y9MnVgF5NRmjROYraLZbPpZBjiO8w8AD/5toMfAW+GC8hGMsWK8huvgOZxcdniFAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-24T09:23:26.364509Z","bundle_sha256":"2b006c1ff3fee64dde61f758987f20ec6921337c70014ea2dcd4119bcf8e2f35"}}