{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:J6N6WGV4QXK27EM2FGUOX5EBKQ","short_pith_number":"pith:J6N6WGV4","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1801.09619","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DB","submitted_at":"2018-01-29T16:48:33Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a9152a147ddaa2cfcac254fe3e5d487afd7b0f6266c30a890c3bec4f1b7a19a0","abstract_canon_sha256":"4b607027bbc80f496612e13837194d8dc646899c77ced137f4ce29dfb5d12db3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4f9beb1abc85d5af919a29a8ebf48154122ab162e215446a43d33880ba0fd1a6","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1801.09619","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1801.09619","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1801.09619v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1801.09619","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"J6N6WGV4QXK2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"J6N6WGV4QXK27EM2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"J6N6WGV4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:31Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:J6N6WGV4QXK27EM2FGUOX5EBKQ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1801.09619","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DB","submitted_at":"2018-01-29T16:48:33Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a9152a147ddaa2cfcac254fe3e5d487afd7b0f6266c30a890c3bec4f1b7a19a0","abstract_canon_sha256":"4b607027bbc80f496612e13837194d8dc646899c77ced137f4ce29dfb5d12db3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4f9beb1abc85d5af919a29a8ebf48154122ab162e215446a43d33880ba0fd1a6","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:11.443201Z","signature_b64":"u4l7dkMplB3jISdK4nzrRCQeSrE+VKL9QjIUxZ9MvRDDzdasCtnrkmyaOEtW8EdtUZQG0stgSgBb4U6gIHRsBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"4f9beb1abc85d5af919a29a8ebf48154122ab162e215446a43d33880ba0fd1a6","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:11.442565Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:11.442565Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1801.09619","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:11Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"anV8jPj/eqiKNy1yK9AKZj0ZTSn/quCMROwtKUCoF41nllt7MdtKDrJBepm7JH21yE+tLJCGNfUFJZCE/My1Bg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-28T20:49:20.461114Z"},"content_sha256":"cab343dc94d7d1836187fe2ffc9789de7547a9e66a3cfa9b78095641dd1fff93","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cab343dc94d7d1836187fe2ffc9789de7547a9e66a3cfa9b78095641dd1fff93"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:J6N6WGV4QXK27EM2FGUOX5EBKQ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Estimating the Cardinality of Conjunctive Queries over RDF Data Using Graph Summarisation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.DB","authors_text":"Boris Motik, Egor V. Kostylev, Giorgio Stefanoni","submitted_at":"2018-01-29T16:48:33Z","abstract_excerpt":"Estimating the cardinality (i.e., the number of answers) of conjunctive queries is particularly difficult in RDF systems: queries over RDF data are navigational and thus tend to involve many joins. We present a new, principled cardinality estimation technique based on graph summarisation. We interpret a summary of an RDF graph using a possible world semantics and formalise the estimation problem as computing the expected cardinality over all RDF graphs represented by the summary, and we present a closed-form formula for computing the expectation of arbitrary queries. We also discuss approaches"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1801.09619","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:11Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"QIEQRf+nq6qU7ll/HUumxxOIEX42Wtr9GnUcTJCc8UJDZc2XTvvUZipQxghMe/mlfNqkJhlEqGJuQVdnd7dMAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-28T20:49:20.461455Z"},"content_sha256":"46ae0a72f406048b9987c534e4deb45f8a5a7e845288a324d68a4af67ea4eaa2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:46ae0a72f406048b9987c534e4deb45f8a5a7e845288a324d68a4af67ea4eaa2"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/J6N6WGV4QXK27EM2FGUOX5EBKQ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/J6N6WGV4QXK27EM2FGUOX5EBKQ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/J6N6WGV4QXK27EM2FGUOX5EBKQ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-28T20:49:20Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/J6N6WGV4QXK27EM2FGUOX5EBKQ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/J6N6WGV4QXK27EM2FGUOX5EBKQ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/J6N6WGV4QXK27EM2FGUOX5EBKQ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/J6N6WGV4QXK27EM2FGUOX5EBKQ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:J6N6WGV4QXK27EM2FGUOX5EBKQ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4b607027bbc80f496612e13837194d8dc646899c77ced137f4ce29dfb5d12db3","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DB","submitted_at":"2018-01-29T16:48:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"a9152a147ddaa2cfcac254fe3e5d487afd7b0f6266c30a890c3bec4f1b7a19a0"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1801.09619","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1801.09619","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1801.09619v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1801.09619","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"J6N6WGV4QXK2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"J6N6WGV4QXK27EM2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"J6N6WGV4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:31Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:46ae0a72f406048b9987c534e4deb45f8a5a7e845288a324d68a4af67ea4eaa2","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:11Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Estimating the cardinality (i.e., the number of answers) of conjunctive queries is particularly difficult in RDF systems: queries over RDF data are navigational and thus tend to involve many joins. We present a new, principled cardinality estimation technique based on graph summarisation. We interpret a summary of an RDF graph using a possible world semantics and formalise the estimation problem as computing the expected cardinality over all RDF graphs represented by the summary, and we present a closed-form formula for computing the expectation of arbitrary queries. We also discuss approaches","authors_text":"Boris Motik, Egor V. Kostylev, Giorgio Stefanoni","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DB","submitted_at":"2018-01-29T16:48:33Z","title":"Estimating the Cardinality of Conjunctive Queries over RDF Data Using Graph Summarisation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1801.09619","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:cab343dc94d7d1836187fe2ffc9789de7547a9e66a3cfa9b78095641dd1fff93","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:11Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4b607027bbc80f496612e13837194d8dc646899c77ced137f4ce29dfb5d12db3","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DB","submitted_at":"2018-01-29T16:48:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"a9152a147ddaa2cfcac254fe3e5d487afd7b0f6266c30a890c3bec4f1b7a19a0"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1801.09619","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"4f9beb1abc85d5af919a29a8ebf48154122ab162e215446a43d33880ba0fd1a6","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"4f9beb1abc85d5af919a29a8ebf48154122ab162e215446a43d33880ba0fd1a6","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:11.442565Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:11.442565Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"u4l7dkMplB3jISdK4nzrRCQeSrE+VKL9QjIUxZ9MvRDDzdasCtnrkmyaOEtW8EdtUZQG0stgSgBb4U6gIHRsBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:11.443201Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1801.09619","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:cab343dc94d7d1836187fe2ffc9789de7547a9e66a3cfa9b78095641dd1fff93","sha256:46ae0a72f406048b9987c534e4deb45f8a5a7e845288a324d68a4af67ea4eaa2"],"state_sha256":"6944162bd02c5695de734822f5ed031e73a781b47522ef8e4537f67fbc58d345"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"w7dPmVI3dpfkQrE0ClSvIA1eH2th/cmN7mbWF+jWyI0QO5p+oM4DJZAHX3diZCsrIMGyqaqqP6jCf0Cx5HPCCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-28T20:49:20.463402Z","bundle_sha256":"c1537be7d51c549db80e253cb9b5a626a465d25702b918933c5e5b6007f1224a"}}