{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:JBPB5IHC3Z3OZCGBM4QKRLEIEI","short_pith_number":"pith:JBPB5IHC","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2312.04836","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.ET","submitted_at":"2023-12-08T05:22:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.stat-mech","cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"212847786ce311442bd2093eeb99f6b8613d7a047c4f3a18d6f246b9d3ced67a","abstract_canon_sha256":"64102e6d8487f8837ede28fcf4ab518e3c197acdee7143904931c92232500e9b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"485e1ea0e2de76ec88c16720a8ac8822209ce680f938bdd6fcc65dcf4089b915","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2312.04836","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2312.04836","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2312.04836v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2312.04836","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JBPB5IHC3Z3O","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JBPB5IHC3Z3OZCGB","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JBPB5IHC","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:53Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:JBPB5IHC3Z3OZCGBM4QKRLEIEI","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2312.04836","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.ET","submitted_at":"2023-12-08T05:22:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.stat-mech","cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"212847786ce311442bd2093eeb99f6b8613d7a047c4f3a18d6f246b9d3ced67a","abstract_canon_sha256":"64102e6d8487f8837ede28fcf4ab518e3c197acdee7143904931c92232500e9b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"485e1ea0e2de76ec88c16720a8ac8822209ce680f938bdd6fcc65dcf4089b915","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:53.148602Z","signature_b64":"ZMn94ZX1/jRII32Ex93UrNtvx5ZcOu24LvE9g6KI67vcfKoJ72Gw6xi3D/olHs0F5ef0FElhMVx//SXI8A8KDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"485e1ea0e2de76ec88c16720a8ac8822209ce680f938bdd6fcc65dcf4089b915","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:53.148152Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:53.148152Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2312.04836","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"whzRxOrzygr6aGWIIR5F6D3cO9ADhtpBOB+dkXC9fWVuBD7/zaVC6wRISDlhV54+gf3K/imUp9KZsIu5arWvAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-08T03:20:37.335611Z"},"content_sha256":"ae6dbf817ea9bea5bac8c7a3c848ddb0ca70e8caadd60ce50e3f3c9049b47278","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ae6dbf817ea9bea5bac8c7a3c848ddb0ca70e8caadd60ce50e3f3c9049b47278"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:JBPB5IHC3Z3OZCGBM4QKRLEIEI","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Thermodynamic Computing System for AI Applications","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.stat-mech","cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.ET","authors_text":"Antonio J. Martinez, Denis Melanson, Faris Sbahi, Gavin Crooks, Kaelan Donatella, Max Hunter Gordon, Maxwell Aifer, Mohammad Abu Khater, Patrick J. Coles, Thomas Ahle","submitted_at":"2023-12-08T05:22:04Z","abstract_excerpt":"Recent breakthroughs in artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have highlighted the need for novel computing hardware in order to truly unlock the potential for AI. Physics-based hardware, such as thermodynamic computing, has the potential to provide a fast, low-power means to accelerate AI primitives, especially generative AI and probabilistic AI. In this work, we present the first continuous-variable thermodynamic computer, which we call the stochastic processing unit (SPU). Our SPU is composed of RLC circuits, as unit cells, on a printed circuit board, with 8 unit cells that are all-to-all"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2312.04836","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2312.04836/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"n3ErLLCZY5QF5jSwjilszy4H7m/d6wk3oKv49Qlv9PSpypzgYL29VqMlkcR5jNS7YEqJUyPahC0LW2Kmnz/uDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-08T03:20:37.336016Z"},"content_sha256":"a6c43b50578eeae1b83fd019a4a9502f243116b99c375cf89ac776317252a176","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a6c43b50578eeae1b83fd019a4a9502f243116b99c375cf89ac776317252a176"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JBPB5IHC3Z3OZCGBM4QKRLEIEI/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JBPB5IHC3Z3OZCGBM4QKRLEIEI/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JBPB5IHC3Z3OZCGBM4QKRLEIEI/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-08T03:20:37Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/JBPB5IHC3Z3OZCGBM4QKRLEIEI","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/JBPB5IHC3Z3OZCGBM4QKRLEIEI/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/JBPB5IHC3Z3OZCGBM4QKRLEIEI/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JBPB5IHC3Z3OZCGBM4QKRLEIEI/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:JBPB5IHC3Z3OZCGBM4QKRLEIEI","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"64102e6d8487f8837ede28fcf4ab518e3c197acdee7143904931c92232500e9b","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.stat-mech","cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.ET","submitted_at":"2023-12-08T05:22:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"212847786ce311442bd2093eeb99f6b8613d7a047c4f3a18d6f246b9d3ced67a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2312.04836","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2312.04836","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2312.04836v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2312.04836","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JBPB5IHC3Z3O","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JBPB5IHC3Z3OZCGB","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JBPB5IHC","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:53Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a6c43b50578eeae1b83fd019a4a9502f243116b99c375cf89ac776317252a176","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2312.04836/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Recent breakthroughs in artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have highlighted the need for novel computing hardware in order to truly unlock the potential for AI. Physics-based hardware, such as thermodynamic computing, has the potential to provide a fast, low-power means to accelerate AI primitives, especially generative AI and probabilistic AI. In this work, we present the first continuous-variable thermodynamic computer, which we call the stochastic processing unit (SPU). Our SPU is composed of RLC circuits, as unit cells, on a printed circuit board, with 8 unit cells that are all-to-all","authors_text":"Antonio J. Martinez, Denis Melanson, Faris Sbahi, Gavin Crooks, Kaelan Donatella, Max Hunter Gordon, Maxwell Aifer, Mohammad Abu Khater, Patrick J. Coles, Thomas Ahle","cross_cats":["cond-mat.stat-mech","cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.ET","submitted_at":"2023-12-08T05:22:04Z","title":"Thermodynamic Computing System for AI Applications"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2312.04836","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ae6dbf817ea9bea5bac8c7a3c848ddb0ca70e8caadd60ce50e3f3c9049b47278","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"64102e6d8487f8837ede28fcf4ab518e3c197acdee7143904931c92232500e9b","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.stat-mech","cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.ET","submitted_at":"2023-12-08T05:22:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"212847786ce311442bd2093eeb99f6b8613d7a047c4f3a18d6f246b9d3ced67a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2312.04836","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"485e1ea0e2de76ec88c16720a8ac8822209ce680f938bdd6fcc65dcf4089b915","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"485e1ea0e2de76ec88c16720a8ac8822209ce680f938bdd6fcc65dcf4089b915","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:53.148152Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:53.148152Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"ZMn94ZX1/jRII32Ex93UrNtvx5ZcOu24LvE9g6KI67vcfKoJ72Gw6xi3D/olHs0F5ef0FElhMVx//SXI8A8KDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:21:53.148602Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2312.04836","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ae6dbf817ea9bea5bac8c7a3c848ddb0ca70e8caadd60ce50e3f3c9049b47278","sha256:a6c43b50578eeae1b83fd019a4a9502f243116b99c375cf89ac776317252a176"],"state_sha256":"825e33c1bb6b5033ca1e2f7f8ee0d7bb8c776056274eb288aff2a5e6bd52a3b8"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"4fpnl9NzjM8sUyKYVycDRUMzYe748tdliFqoxnroF5MQ65KB0P006ia0I3WS3jjW+LNctrd/gfWKK+xydnZuDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-08T03:20:37.338560Z","bundle_sha256":"733631d158dce1b3820e649aa7a43ee94c3975046f414efb022ff9228060351b"}}