{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:JDG3MEVWHBEYCFLLA4FBX27H3U","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5072b35617b25af1c9b93c15dd86681c10efed6ab1996c909c112483ffa7130b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2019-06-04T12:39:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"104ba7801de08a8207c7abce16f62f2642ee9c8746d916c6c39da47ff22534e8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1906.01378","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1906.01378","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1906.01378v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1906.01378","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JDG3MEVWHBEY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JDG3MEVWHBEYCFLL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JDG3MEVW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:18Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:4767788ce4d1bc677f7d5f0fc796d0e52a026b1f13e96b41a5c70c2dfe507481","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:42Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this work, we explore the way to perform named entity recognition (NER) using only unlabeled data and named entity dictionaries. To this end, we formulate the task as a positive-unlabeled (PU) learning problem and accordingly propose a novel PU learning algorithm to perform the task. We prove that the proposed algorithm can unbiasedly and consistently estimate the task loss as if there is fully labeled data. A key feature of the proposed method is that it does not require the dictionaries to label every entity within a sentence, and it even does not require the dictionaries to label all of ","authors_text":"Jinlan Fu, Minlong Peng, Qi Zhang, Xiaoyu Xing, Xuanjing Huang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2019-06-04T12:39:10Z","title":"Distantly Supervised Named Entity Recognition using Positive-Unlabeled Learning"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1906.01378","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e21fcb9e079a6ef0e2075cc43e51037165d62a164b4f7817de22e34e26902e72","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:42Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5072b35617b25af1c9b93c15dd86681c10efed6ab1996c909c112483ffa7130b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2019-06-04T12:39:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"104ba7801de08a8207c7abce16f62f2642ee9c8746d916c6c39da47ff22534e8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1906.01378","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"48cdb612b6384981156b070a1bebe7dd25195ad2d6b0bd2ece0c3978955ffade","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"48cdb612b6384981156b070a1bebe7dd25195ad2d6b0bd2ece0c3978955ffade","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:42.136717Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:42.136717Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"KpLKTTscKoVDsI7QGoB+1/g+KYfV1eQW1Aygny+wGHev91LIMxkrY7R7d2Pa2lnH6LKLxohbG/ZAHMsCcpddDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:42.137328Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1906.01378","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e21fcb9e079a6ef0e2075cc43e51037165d62a164b4f7817de22e34e26902e72","sha256:4767788ce4d1bc677f7d5f0fc796d0e52a026b1f13e96b41a5c70c2dfe507481"],"state_sha256":"61de97cb965d06ce7c4c185e877f874232a1a2c33616399231b2a7a5d2d7de4c"}