{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:JS4LJDQ6AJQA2T4V2CJ3CZDTCN","short_pith_number":"pith:JS4LJDQ6","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2404.01332","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-03-29T22:49:43Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"0da6ff425d1546a3c63fa4f4652edd618e395b178d65b5099cb848425f0f5c0e","abstract_canon_sha256":"2844b6abb4e3c8e7fa4529b18e5770aa56f45141c5411040b1bbd3c664fcf9f7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4cb8b48e1e02600d4f95d093b164731359b2da15e2eca75141b140cab24c67ed","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2404.01332","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2404.01332","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2404.01332v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2404.01332","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JS4LJDQ6AJQA","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JS4LJDQ6AJQA2T4V","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JS4LJDQ6","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:12Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:JS4LJDQ6AJQA2T4V2CJ3CZDTCN","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2404.01332","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-03-29T22:49:43Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"0da6ff425d1546a3c63fa4f4652edd618e395b178d65b5099cb848425f0f5c0e","abstract_canon_sha256":"2844b6abb4e3c8e7fa4529b18e5770aa56f45141c5411040b1bbd3c664fcf9f7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4cb8b48e1e02600d4f95d093b164731359b2da15e2eca75141b140cab24c67ed","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:12.534570Z","signature_b64":"YOnPK34/mCh47kKYcZydg/TUcPPi1JqDP1BKmqRY7VrDNtABMzJT7Z6PVnFxAOzlPVMs+1C8D2k8lZDwOPPzCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"4cb8b48e1e02600d4f95d093b164731359b2da15e2eca75141b140cab24c67ed","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:12.534179Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:12.534179Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2404.01332","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:12Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nV8i6vU9NEh2LrkqQVBJ8wqxC8qxN0hE7XKzJhjiFqwHmXW0oTxvSJbHj4cV9rDRvKfUWDF8rTQZQDShOdokAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T11:22:58.776360Z"},"content_sha256":"61a1088fa97a6faa9f5809086c680ed6ccd017864c17e2f691c8d7b324bd14ad","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:61a1088fa97a6faa9f5809086c680ed6ccd017864c17e2f691c8d7b324bd14ad"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:JS4LJDQ6AJQA2T4V2CJ3CZDTCN","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Explaining Large Language Models Decisions Using Shapley Values","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Behnam Mohammadi","submitted_at":"2024-03-29T22:49:43Z","abstract_excerpt":"The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has opened up exciting possibilities for simulating human behavior and cognitive processes, with potential applications in various domains, including marketing research and consumer behavior analysis. However, the validity of utilizing LLMs as stand-ins for human subjects remains uncertain due to glaring divergences that suggest fundamentally different underlying processes at play and the sensitivity of LLM responses to prompt variations. This paper presents a novel approach based on Shapley values from cooperative game theory to interpret LLM beha"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2404.01332","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2404.01332/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:12Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"DkSxuQIenK7pO86qgt5QK5y9GfYJZwe1tbhl9BnP3te/9R8sTGcNYIfr/0uvFB+cYzc2al8yY5QWe9VYD0GuDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T11:22:58.777062Z"},"content_sha256":"9c3a4a6927a2010a8ebdce0dda19ec2e6f122b868897373eba7a5823271b4228","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9c3a4a6927a2010a8ebdce0dda19ec2e6f122b868897373eba7a5823271b4228"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JS4LJDQ6AJQA2T4V2CJ3CZDTCN/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/JS4LJDQ6AJQA2T4V2CJ3CZDTCN/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JS4LJDQ6AJQA2T4V2CJ3CZDTCN/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-16T11:22:58Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/JS4LJDQ6AJQA2T4V2CJ3CZDTCN","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/JS4LJDQ6AJQA2T4V2CJ3CZDTCN/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/JS4LJDQ6AJQA2T4V2CJ3CZDTCN/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/JS4LJDQ6AJQA2T4V2CJ3CZDTCN/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:JS4LJDQ6AJQA2T4V2CJ3CZDTCN","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2844b6abb4e3c8e7fa4529b18e5770aa56f45141c5411040b1bbd3c664fcf9f7","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-03-29T22:49:43Z","title_canon_sha256":"0da6ff425d1546a3c63fa4f4652edd618e395b178d65b5099cb848425f0f5c0e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2404.01332","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2404.01332","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2404.01332v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2404.01332","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"JS4LJDQ6AJQA","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"JS4LJDQ6AJQA2T4V","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"JS4LJDQ6","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:12Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:9c3a4a6927a2010a8ebdce0dda19ec2e6f122b868897373eba7a5823271b4228","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:12Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2404.01332/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has opened up exciting possibilities for simulating human behavior and cognitive processes, with potential applications in various domains, including marketing research and consumer behavior analysis. However, the validity of utilizing LLMs as stand-ins for human subjects remains uncertain due to glaring divergences that suggest fundamentally different underlying processes at play and the sensitivity of LLM responses to prompt variations. This paper presents a novel approach based on Shapley values from cooperative game theory to interpret LLM beha","authors_text":"Behnam Mohammadi","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-03-29T22:49:43Z","title":"Explaining Large Language Models Decisions Using Shapley Values"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2404.01332","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:61a1088fa97a6faa9f5809086c680ed6ccd017864c17e2f691c8d7b324bd14ad","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:12Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2844b6abb4e3c8e7fa4529b18e5770aa56f45141c5411040b1bbd3c664fcf9f7","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-03-29T22:49:43Z","title_canon_sha256":"0da6ff425d1546a3c63fa4f4652edd618e395b178d65b5099cb848425f0f5c0e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2404.01332","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"4cb8b48e1e02600d4f95d093b164731359b2da15e2eca75141b140cab24c67ed","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"4cb8b48e1e02600d4f95d093b164731359b2da15e2eca75141b140cab24c67ed","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:12.534179Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:12.534179Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"YOnPK34/mCh47kKYcZydg/TUcPPi1JqDP1BKmqRY7VrDNtABMzJT7Z6PVnFxAOzlPVMs+1C8D2k8lZDwOPPzCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:12.534570Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2404.01332","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:61a1088fa97a6faa9f5809086c680ed6ccd017864c17e2f691c8d7b324bd14ad","sha256:9c3a4a6927a2010a8ebdce0dda19ec2e6f122b868897373eba7a5823271b4228"],"state_sha256":"eb137016704ff63f141a0e48db0ca3497422c031a1326cf6d5e27501ab4b64a7"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xLS0DAjn4H6nbdHDgvAz5FqdSRY4jhEGT0CitSRSBsV7e/1AD9y/XBBInl7mdtk/f88AdMiUi2juY2Re14R+DQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T11:22:58.783150Z","bundle_sha256":"5736e976890140e37090fec150a423cdec3022f154f4ea1afb7a3c047ed20f7f"}}