{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:L2SV2DK7K7ERVDWVYYT5SQO3SZ","short_pith_number":"pith:L2SV2DK7","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2305.02424","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-05-03T20:31:13Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ab884f022a6c869d5dc1a9295865b05841327f178acd975d0ea5271f67b095d2","abstract_canon_sha256":"314d65b327f7c2a72feba2b47fb12fd173f11a7d242336e6a4e61a319a805ae8"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5ea55d0d5f57c91a8ed5c627d941db9642c62d7329ee589f8849229e46c41ed0","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2305.02424","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2305.02424","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:07:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2305.02424v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:07:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2305.02424","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:07:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"L2SV2DK7K7ER","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:07:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"L2SV2DK7K7ERVDWV","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:07:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"L2SV2DK7","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:07:00Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:L2SV2DK7K7ERVDWVYYT5SQO3SZ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2305.02424","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-05-03T20:31:13Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ab884f022a6c869d5dc1a9295865b05841327f178acd975d0ea5271f67b095d2","abstract_canon_sha256":"314d65b327f7c2a72feba2b47fb12fd173f11a7d242336e6a4e61a319a805ae8"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5ea55d0d5f57c91a8ed5c627d941db9642c62d7329ee589f8849229e46c41ed0","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:07:00.683358Z","signature_b64":"4qFEN3FSQ91IRdvefmfGrOy/Y5yHu1D+ZU5BlY4AJm09D0nKQJsF70gb86IKwDCFoMXXklqrVI8gQzVB1Z4vBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"5ea55d0d5f57c91a8ed5c627d941db9642c62d7329ee589f8849229e46c41ed0","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:07:00.682890Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:07:00.682890Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2305.02424","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:07:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"wnXB7Sw8B9m5FdnUox4Fw2/gd4wEUep3iUOyFkX+WeaMSlOn4opKvckclF9xVxg3qc7XoAsWTGJW7wrOB4SyDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T09:08:40.200887Z"},"content_sha256":"be00fceba5d7fc3d4e9b8295861ec89573684e56c75b31c41040766ba9d97cd5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:be00fceba5d7fc3d4e9b8295861ec89573684e56c75b31c41040766ba9d97cd5"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:L2SV2DK7K7ERVDWVYYT5SQO3SZ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Backdoor Learning on Sequence to Sequence Models","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Heng Huang, Lichang Chen, Minhao Cheng","submitted_at":"2023-05-03T20:31:13Z","abstract_excerpt":"Backdoor learning has become an emerging research area towards building a trustworthy machine learning system. While a lot of works have studied the hidden danger of backdoor attacks in image or text classification, there is a limited understanding of the model's robustness on backdoor attacks when the output space is infinite and discrete. In this paper, we study a much more challenging problem of testing whether sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) models are vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Specifically, we find by only injecting 0.2\\% samples of the dataset, we can cause the seq2seq model to gene"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2305.02424","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2305.02424/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:07:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"tfFsw2/7l2MXTLkad77KtXafMHnjNDvDFnphoUXkTcM4KnIr/DJxXFlZUlIblCkpiNCwxltnV8uH8WgHAXr0DQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T09:08:40.201672Z"},"content_sha256":"378c94bb511d1fb633063df7b9322508ba628f89093e45dcc2c6f9f89a8d8132","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:378c94bb511d1fb633063df7b9322508ba628f89093e45dcc2c6f9f89a8d8132"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/L2SV2DK7K7ERVDWVYYT5SQO3SZ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/L2SV2DK7K7ERVDWVYYT5SQO3SZ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/L2SV2DK7K7ERVDWVYYT5SQO3SZ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-18T09:08:40Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/L2SV2DK7K7ERVDWVYYT5SQO3SZ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/L2SV2DK7K7ERVDWVYYT5SQO3SZ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/L2SV2DK7K7ERVDWVYYT5SQO3SZ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/L2SV2DK7K7ERVDWVYYT5SQO3SZ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:L2SV2DK7K7ERVDWVYYT5SQO3SZ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"314d65b327f7c2a72feba2b47fb12fd173f11a7d242336e6a4e61a319a805ae8","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-05-03T20:31:13Z","title_canon_sha256":"ab884f022a6c869d5dc1a9295865b05841327f178acd975d0ea5271f67b095d2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2305.02424","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2305.02424","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:07:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2305.02424v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:07:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2305.02424","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:07:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"L2SV2DK7K7ER","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:07:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"L2SV2DK7K7ERVDWV","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:07:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"L2SV2DK7","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:07:00Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:378c94bb511d1fb633063df7b9322508ba628f89093e45dcc2c6f9f89a8d8132","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:07:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2305.02424/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Backdoor learning has become an emerging research area towards building a trustworthy machine learning system. While a lot of works have studied the hidden danger of backdoor attacks in image or text classification, there is a limited understanding of the model's robustness on backdoor attacks when the output space is infinite and discrete. In this paper, we study a much more challenging problem of testing whether sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) models are vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Specifically, we find by only injecting 0.2\\% samples of the dataset, we can cause the seq2seq model to gene","authors_text":"Heng Huang, Lichang Chen, Minhao Cheng","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-05-03T20:31:13Z","title":"Backdoor Learning on Sequence to Sequence Models"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2305.02424","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:be00fceba5d7fc3d4e9b8295861ec89573684e56c75b31c41040766ba9d97cd5","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:07:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"314d65b327f7c2a72feba2b47fb12fd173f11a7d242336e6a4e61a319a805ae8","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-05-03T20:31:13Z","title_canon_sha256":"ab884f022a6c869d5dc1a9295865b05841327f178acd975d0ea5271f67b095d2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2305.02424","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"5ea55d0d5f57c91a8ed5c627d941db9642c62d7329ee589f8849229e46c41ed0","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"5ea55d0d5f57c91a8ed5c627d941db9642c62d7329ee589f8849229e46c41ed0","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:07:00.682890Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:07:00.682890Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"4qFEN3FSQ91IRdvefmfGrOy/Y5yHu1D+ZU5BlY4AJm09D0nKQJsF70gb86IKwDCFoMXXklqrVI8gQzVB1Z4vBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:07:00.683358Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2305.02424","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:be00fceba5d7fc3d4e9b8295861ec89573684e56c75b31c41040766ba9d97cd5","sha256:378c94bb511d1fb633063df7b9322508ba628f89093e45dcc2c6f9f89a8d8132"],"state_sha256":"cdfb0edbeae4cfcb1aea2ea98e46d3625817eab1f783a01678a57bc2dcb7b1d4"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"fQVtKIChdowa0MgGYOekc9NsG1+taGqCCm0lBbelkndBpA/WNSiqdcHdHTNTr148t9UKWBn4KQeGFgL3Br+cCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T09:08:40.208611Z","bundle_sha256":"d834290c1c8bc5ceea544141c693b493ddb7854b0bf46b2255e6541bd1121276"}}