{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2019:L5W45PG67V6YL7WC3SPWDBFTZL","short_pith_number":"pith:L5W45PG6","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"5f6dcebcdefd7d85fec2dc9f6184b3caeff9220cbaa05f72708ba876f2f9419d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1912.04719","version":4},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"PLIERS: A Process that Integrates User-Centered Methods into Programming Language Design","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.PL","cs.SE"],"primary_cat":"cs.HC","authors_text":"Brad A. Myers, Celeste Barnaby, Gauri Kambhatla, Jenna L. Wise, Jonathan Aldrich, Joshua Sunshine, Michael Coblenz, Paulette Koronkevich","submitted_at":"2019-12-10T14:45:18Z","abstract_excerpt":"Programming language design requires making many usability-related design decisions. However, existing HCI methods can be impractical to apply to programming languages: they have high iteration costs, programmers require significant learning time, and user performance has high variance. To address these problems, we adapted both formative and summative HCI methods to make them more suitable for programming language design. We integrated these methods into a new process, PLIERS, for designing programming languages in a user-centered way. We evaluated PLIERS by using it to design two new program"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1912.04719","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2019-12-10T14:45:18Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.PL","cs.SE"],"title_canon_sha256":"513790bcab9a65281f54959f47785523b8a30ac02826f8e350ff4ec0a5d12cca","abstract_canon_sha256":"93725c3020119338fa668a72a5fdae0b14295b6f269f09a7cafd7c3a282519e5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:29:45.648473Z","signature_b64":"+oTSMYDt0zm5YQNnKYElb1p5g/zzlOAiV05SBbLZh9W83aSbDcdcu+gaqk/FxI9sUPQF5RDZ80gmJo11irOPDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"5f6dcebcdefd7d85fec2dc9f6184b3caeff9220cbaa05f72708ba876f2f9419d","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:29:45.647948Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:29:45.647948Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"PLIERS: A Process that Integrates User-Centered Methods into Programming Language Design","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.PL","cs.SE"],"primary_cat":"cs.HC","authors_text":"Brad A. Myers, Celeste Barnaby, Gauri Kambhatla, Jenna L. Wise, Jonathan Aldrich, Joshua Sunshine, Michael Coblenz, Paulette Koronkevich","submitted_at":"2019-12-10T14:45:18Z","abstract_excerpt":"Programming language design requires making many usability-related design decisions. However, existing HCI methods can be impractical to apply to programming languages: they have high iteration costs, programmers require significant learning time, and user performance has high variance. To address these problems, we adapted both formative and summative HCI methods to make them more suitable for programming language design. We integrated these methods into a new process, PLIERS, for designing programming languages in a user-centered way. We evaluated PLIERS by using it to design two new program"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1912.04719","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1912.04719/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1912.04719","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:29:45.648007+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1912.04719v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:29:45.648007+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1912.04719","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:29:45.648007+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"L5W45PG67V6Y","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:29:45.648007+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"L5W45PG67V6YL7WC","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:29:45.648007+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"L5W45PG6","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:29:45.648007+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/L5W45PG67V6YL7WC3SPWDBFTZL","json":"https://pith.science/pith/L5W45PG67V6YL7WC3SPWDBFTZL.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/L5W45PG67V6YL7WC3SPWDBFTZL/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/L5W45PG67V6YL7WC3SPWDBFTZL/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/L5W45PG6"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/L5W45PG67V6YL7WC3SPWDBFTZL","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/L5W45PG67V6YL7WC3SPWDBFTZL.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/L5W45PG6","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1912.04719&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/L5W45PG67V6YL7WC3SPWDBFTZL/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/L5W45PG67V6YL7WC3SPWDBFTZL/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/L5W45PG67V6YL7WC3SPWDBFTZL/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/L5W45PG67V6YL7WC3SPWDBFTZL/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/L5W45PG67V6YL7WC3SPWDBFTZL/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/L5W45PG67V6YL7WC3SPWDBFTZL/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/L5W45PG67V6YL7WC3SPWDBFTZL/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:29:45.648007+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-05T01:29:45.648007+00:00"}