{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:LUOZBN5DJ5ZTVUBZUJI4KZMNNP","short_pith_number":"pith:LUOZBN5D","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1805.01716","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","submitted_at":"2018-05-04T11:15:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"7624d212c5c53bf15d2e38c782ed20bf5d78c87a0264261bf65f2626647ecc9a","abstract_canon_sha256":"cf27b959c9f6d0ed3125db55f287821e2003b2e7f10e125ba2b4cec8ea859eae"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5d1d90b7a34f733ad039a251c5658d6bf20075f837496c7bf490fd0bbcca4192","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1805.01716","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1805.01716","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1805.01716v3","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1805.01716","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LUOZBN5DJ5ZT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LUOZBN5DJ5ZTVUBZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LUOZBN5D","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:37Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:LUOZBN5DJ5ZTVUBZUJI4KZMNNP","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1805.01716","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","submitted_at":"2018-05-04T11:15:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"7624d212c5c53bf15d2e38c782ed20bf5d78c87a0264261bf65f2626647ecc9a","abstract_canon_sha256":"cf27b959c9f6d0ed3125db55f287821e2003b2e7f10e125ba2b4cec8ea859eae"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5d1d90b7a34f733ad039a251c5658d6bf20075f837496c7bf490fd0bbcca4192","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:17.197277Z","signature_b64":"sdtfzp7bzTX44xCjpnDeVNeTK12px/g4uaSLu5hjeuTuVLTzegloULC5NfhOlH5vWlx54xpTCQpUFWZrchXUBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"5d1d90b7a34f733ad039a251c5658d6bf20075f837496c7bf490fd0bbcca4192","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:17.196745Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:17.196745Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1805.01716","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:17Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"4vhxTHI0jzhvjxIUhlafPm9r6XTp4fw/1pQsW1VGmcstgKmWTcE/olUi1nycJrAfO4lbvSKfuxlOZmVXW0BrDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-29T18:50:36.604384Z"},"content_sha256":"fc0976b211a15defab1979abf3f1a150057096a62bf75281ca00a785a25e185e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fc0976b211a15defab1979abf3f1a150057096a62bf75281ca00a785a25e185e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:LUOZBN5DJ5ZTVUBZUJI4KZMNNP","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Non-linear model and optimization method for a single-axis linear-motion energy harvester for footstep excitation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","authors_text":"Michael N. Struwig, Riaan Wolhuter, Thomas Niesler","submitted_at":"2018-05-04T11:15:24Z","abstract_excerpt":"We propose and develop an electrical and mechanical system model of a single-axis linear-motion kinetic energy harvester for impulsive excitation that allows its generated load power to be numerically optimised as a function of design parameters. The device consists of an assembly of one or more spaced magnets suspended by a magnetic spring and passing through one or more coils when motion is experienced along the axis. The design parameters that can be optimised include the number of coils, the coil height, coil spacing, the number of magnets, the magnet spacing and the physical size. We use "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1805.01716","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:17Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vC+kO7t11t03zW777NxBpLmpvAlwltrvlfkNPOse5nkbgQ4/hMQOMkTuooLWlIldp99k+7VKO9a1RVjY+TPaAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-29T18:50:36.604736Z"},"content_sha256":"07f6b183ba1a24e66cfec0dc9d99b530ddbb649992855950e8f786a673f5eb90","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:07f6b183ba1a24e66cfec0dc9d99b530ddbb649992855950e8f786a673f5eb90"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/LUOZBN5DJ5ZTVUBZUJI4KZMNNP/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/LUOZBN5DJ5ZTVUBZUJI4KZMNNP/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/LUOZBN5DJ5ZTVUBZUJI4KZMNNP/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-29T18:50:36Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/LUOZBN5DJ5ZTVUBZUJI4KZMNNP","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/LUOZBN5DJ5ZTVUBZUJI4KZMNNP/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/LUOZBN5DJ5ZTVUBZUJI4KZMNNP/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/LUOZBN5DJ5ZTVUBZUJI4KZMNNP/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:LUOZBN5DJ5ZTVUBZUJI4KZMNNP","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cf27b959c9f6d0ed3125db55f287821e2003b2e7f10e125ba2b4cec8ea859eae","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","submitted_at":"2018-05-04T11:15:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"7624d212c5c53bf15d2e38c782ed20bf5d78c87a0264261bf65f2626647ecc9a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1805.01716","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1805.01716","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1805.01716v3","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1805.01716","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LUOZBN5DJ5ZT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LUOZBN5DJ5ZTVUBZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LUOZBN5D","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:37Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:07f6b183ba1a24e66cfec0dc9d99b530ddbb649992855950e8f786a673f5eb90","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:17Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We propose and develop an electrical and mechanical system model of a single-axis linear-motion kinetic energy harvester for impulsive excitation that allows its generated load power to be numerically optimised as a function of design parameters. The device consists of an assembly of one or more spaced magnets suspended by a magnetic spring and passing through one or more coils when motion is experienced along the axis. The design parameters that can be optimised include the number of coils, the coil height, coil spacing, the number of magnets, the magnet spacing and the physical size. We use ","authors_text":"Michael N. Struwig, Riaan Wolhuter, Thomas Niesler","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","submitted_at":"2018-05-04T11:15:24Z","title":"Non-linear model and optimization method for a single-axis linear-motion energy harvester for footstep excitation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1805.01716","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:fc0976b211a15defab1979abf3f1a150057096a62bf75281ca00a785a25e185e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:17Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cf27b959c9f6d0ed3125db55f287821e2003b2e7f10e125ba2b4cec8ea859eae","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","submitted_at":"2018-05-04T11:15:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"7624d212c5c53bf15d2e38c782ed20bf5d78c87a0264261bf65f2626647ecc9a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1805.01716","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"5d1d90b7a34f733ad039a251c5658d6bf20075f837496c7bf490fd0bbcca4192","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"5d1d90b7a34f733ad039a251c5658d6bf20075f837496c7bf490fd0bbcca4192","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:17.196745Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:17.196745Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"sdtfzp7bzTX44xCjpnDeVNeTK12px/g4uaSLu5hjeuTuVLTzegloULC5NfhOlH5vWlx54xpTCQpUFWZrchXUBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:17.197277Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1805.01716","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:fc0976b211a15defab1979abf3f1a150057096a62bf75281ca00a785a25e185e","sha256:07f6b183ba1a24e66cfec0dc9d99b530ddbb649992855950e8f786a673f5eb90"],"state_sha256":"19be1a6f5703a4e09636191c21a9d406553393f5aaccd1e051f6c268309b64fd"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"y4COTTVuhhf5jI1F4tEFoxPpfVRxm5pKH8nuT9YYis1QvHtzXsLMNeXB8WY7+m45PwmjHY9OchFagaMVNquuDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-29T18:50:36.606619Z","bundle_sha256":"2bfc2b8e9ffca3a32864ef99114dad0b8a2ae478dbbb694cabaa894c927349ab"}}