{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:LZBTOFAPFOEHFXVHTJRYGHC5VT","short_pith_number":"pith:LZBTOFAP","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2403.02619","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-03-05T03:18:43Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"title_canon_sha256":"fd1a9a69e95ef875a96ac65e6a0437768d152ed5a044c8bf0eddb14be1bdba58","abstract_canon_sha256":"30e661d42434e9ddd4ec869767c255f282783b55c3d860276fd82a510e95d324"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5e4337140f2b8872dea79a63831c5dacf4aff459cb3899f700174f2d57087191","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2403.02619","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2403.02619","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2403.02619v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2403.02619","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LZBTOFAPFOEH","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LZBTOFAPFOEHFXVH","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LZBTOFAP","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:51Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:LZBTOFAPFOEHFXVHTJRYGHC5VT","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2403.02619","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-03-05T03:18:43Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"title_canon_sha256":"fd1a9a69e95ef875a96ac65e6a0437768d152ed5a044c8bf0eddb14be1bdba58","abstract_canon_sha256":"30e661d42434e9ddd4ec869767c255f282783b55c3d860276fd82a510e95d324"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"5e4337140f2b8872dea79a63831c5dacf4aff459cb3899f700174f2d57087191","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:51.925782Z","signature_b64":"rYjlRs6WsgBlIctTXXBFZ8yxz+PHhteWjKqzXUaH75y6toAD1/Sr2PWkeB6cp7ilULqjkCWybRIzI4F8j06ACg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"5e4337140f2b8872dea79a63831c5dacf4aff459cb3899f700174f2d57087191","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:51.925262Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:51.925262Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2403.02619","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:51Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9viK5N9s83NeFvT4d5c58uCAdMp3CH5r+VDPQgeuUXXmb7FwAD01Tj0jHc8UnTLB8khkwTpceg0jiNHoaWfvCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T19:01:37.715816Z"},"content_sha256":"938f983f66621c6b5ee206bb8e48a8fdb8ee79afcdf569c44fc6ef8abfe235d1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:938f983f66621c6b5ee206bb8e48a8fdb8ee79afcdf569c44fc6ef8abfe235d1"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:LZBTOFAPFOEHFXVHTJRYGHC5VT","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Training Machine Learning models at the Edge: A Survey","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.DC"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Aymen Rayane Khouas, Hakim Hacid, Mohamed Reda Bouadjenek, Sunil Aryal","submitted_at":"2024-03-05T03:18:43Z","abstract_excerpt":"Edge computing has gained significant traction in recent years, promising enhanced efficiency by integrating artificial intelligence capabilities at the edge. While the focus has primarily been on the deployment and inference of Machine Learning (ML) models at the edge, the training aspect remains less explored. This survey, explores the concept of edge learning, specifically the optimization of ML model training at the edge. The objective is to comprehensively explore diverse approaches and methodologies in edge learning, synthesize existing knowledge, identify challenges, and highlight futur"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2403.02619","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2403.02619/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:51Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"D6nNMsfLBNCls9RaeNrOh+99H54yRuWyO9GhfcGbZHwUEkWkEncrBnWkVu2jP6s1EDylXMMnI/wMs2V6nybEBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T19:01:37.716352Z"},"content_sha256":"16fd67067ab9c11953e3be8cadf443620cccd59187fa9d0089e4151b2db6f515","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:16fd67067ab9c11953e3be8cadf443620cccd59187fa9d0089e4151b2db6f515"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/LZBTOFAPFOEHFXVHTJRYGHC5VT/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/LZBTOFAPFOEHFXVHTJRYGHC5VT/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/LZBTOFAPFOEHFXVHTJRYGHC5VT/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-12T19:01:37Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/LZBTOFAPFOEHFXVHTJRYGHC5VT","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/LZBTOFAPFOEHFXVHTJRYGHC5VT/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/LZBTOFAPFOEHFXVHTJRYGHC5VT/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/LZBTOFAPFOEHFXVHTJRYGHC5VT/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:LZBTOFAPFOEHFXVHTJRYGHC5VT","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"30e661d42434e9ddd4ec869767c255f282783b55c3d860276fd82a510e95d324","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-03-05T03:18:43Z","title_canon_sha256":"fd1a9a69e95ef875a96ac65e6a0437768d152ed5a044c8bf0eddb14be1bdba58"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2403.02619","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2403.02619","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2403.02619v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2403.02619","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"LZBTOFAPFOEH","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"LZBTOFAPFOEHFXVH","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"LZBTOFAP","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:51Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:16fd67067ab9c11953e3be8cadf443620cccd59187fa9d0089e4151b2db6f515","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:51Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2403.02619/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Edge computing has gained significant traction in recent years, promising enhanced efficiency by integrating artificial intelligence capabilities at the edge. While the focus has primarily been on the deployment and inference of Machine Learning (ML) models at the edge, the training aspect remains less explored. This survey, explores the concept of edge learning, specifically the optimization of ML model training at the edge. The objective is to comprehensively explore diverse approaches and methodologies in edge learning, synthesize existing knowledge, identify challenges, and highlight futur","authors_text":"Aymen Rayane Khouas, Hakim Hacid, Mohamed Reda Bouadjenek, Sunil Aryal","cross_cats":["cs.DC"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-03-05T03:18:43Z","title":"Training Machine Learning models at the Edge: A Survey"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2403.02619","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:938f983f66621c6b5ee206bb8e48a8fdb8ee79afcdf569c44fc6ef8abfe235d1","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:51Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"30e661d42434e9ddd4ec869767c255f282783b55c3d860276fd82a510e95d324","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-03-05T03:18:43Z","title_canon_sha256":"fd1a9a69e95ef875a96ac65e6a0437768d152ed5a044c8bf0eddb14be1bdba58"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2403.02619","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"5e4337140f2b8872dea79a63831c5dacf4aff459cb3899f700174f2d57087191","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"5e4337140f2b8872dea79a63831c5dacf4aff459cb3899f700174f2d57087191","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:51.925262Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:51.925262Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"rYjlRs6WsgBlIctTXXBFZ8yxz+PHhteWjKqzXUaH75y6toAD1/Sr2PWkeB6cp7ilULqjkCWybRIzI4F8j06ACg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:51.925782Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2403.02619","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:938f983f66621c6b5ee206bb8e48a8fdb8ee79afcdf569c44fc6ef8abfe235d1","sha256:16fd67067ab9c11953e3be8cadf443620cccd59187fa9d0089e4151b2db6f515"],"state_sha256":"a551854919467e802f3a15725bbb458680bd1868f18b2329dfac49055c4c2381"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9UgJPZptkXC8YFhnN/i5S8ZP7fyDxtoKFsGUna6rKG8aPDyCDSEsNq8cPrszKRG1t/kBX7F6IeGEGn2wUA6OCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T19:01:37.721787Z","bundle_sha256":"0f8607177d838b53a84c6005d10573dfbf93d56613bf50e8bc88537d695cd61e"}}