{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:MBQVVT377KGFMG2RA5GJBCNK6O","short_pith_number":"pith:MBQVVT37","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2503.14366","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2025-03-18T15:48:09Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"dce2e40caa19a295bfbfefb7777bf8d483a152798157e5febbe8126cd79acbbb","abstract_canon_sha256":"a385e22c87362498d3713a1f8ed16d7eec4fd851c4f607c781cbcea60b697802"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"60615acf7ffa8c561b51074c9089aaf388113d1559dc146cb8dc24bc50a00a5a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2503.14366","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2503.14366","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:01:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2503.14366v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:01:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2503.14366","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:01:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MBQVVT377KGF","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:01:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MBQVVT377KGFMG2R","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:01:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MBQVVT37","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:01:59Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:MBQVVT377KGFMG2RA5GJBCNK6O","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2503.14366","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2025-03-18T15:48:09Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"dce2e40caa19a295bfbfefb7777bf8d483a152798157e5febbe8126cd79acbbb","abstract_canon_sha256":"a385e22c87362498d3713a1f8ed16d7eec4fd851c4f607c781cbcea60b697802"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"60615acf7ffa8c561b51074c9089aaf388113d1559dc146cb8dc24bc50a00a5a","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T12:01:59.060483Z","signature_b64":"24NUj3qfBxeLpEldIQjbfCzRlUM750265Croo4I3abT+cq7eRLilm1qdNS3H2hZU6bwa38Fjnmk5XXkw81cfDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"60615acf7ffa8c561b51074c9089aaf388113d1559dc146cb8dc24bc50a00a5a","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T12:01:59.059913Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T12:01:59.059913Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2503.14366","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T12:01:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Dprfw4Ip6oPHI40Tiftg3GMyRMYR6h0m92xVFAYWljD6mlXS2a5xEmD0qCieMsfzAHviXd5w1E17I6bjjuGyCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T05:19:48.374945Z"},"content_sha256":"06c8fdc8a8318ebca11758994028f1951b3fd7b3ea9c752269157607d2641907","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:06c8fdc8a8318ebca11758994028f1951b3fd7b3ea9c752269157607d2641907"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:MBQVVT377KGFMG2RA5GJBCNK6O","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"QuGStep: Refining Step Size Selection in Gradient Estimation for Variational Quantum Algorithms","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Chao Yang, Linghua Zhu, Senwei Liang, Xiaosong Li","submitted_at":"2025-03-18T15:48:09Z","abstract_excerpt":"Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) offer a promising approach to solving computationally demanding problems by combining parameterized quantum circuits with classical optimization. Estimating probabilistic outcomes on quantum hardware requires repeated measurements (shots). However, in practice, the limited shot budget introduces significant noise in the evaluation of the objective function. Gradient estimation in VQAs often relies on the finite-difference, which evaluates the noisy objective function at perturbed circuit parameter values. The accuracy of this estimation is highly dependent"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2503.14366","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2503.14366/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T12:01:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"yOukIosDRaGN7ZF0oNrFV9fX1aLtFH8YWqVu19yKNHJo0aeQaLghev5ymZAkU5uM7dBU/IyEi7V7v3QOaWH/BQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T05:19:48.375895Z"},"content_sha256":"0621ee93101fa83ea460ba46141f708e5de211632f4a418bdf74a76ed81f602c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0621ee93101fa83ea460ba46141f708e5de211632f4a418bdf74a76ed81f602c"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MBQVVT377KGFMG2RA5GJBCNK6O/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MBQVVT377KGFMG2RA5GJBCNK6O/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MBQVVT377KGFMG2RA5GJBCNK6O/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-17T05:19:48Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/MBQVVT377KGFMG2RA5GJBCNK6O","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/MBQVVT377KGFMG2RA5GJBCNK6O/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/MBQVVT377KGFMG2RA5GJBCNK6O/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MBQVVT377KGFMG2RA5GJBCNK6O/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:MBQVVT377KGFMG2RA5GJBCNK6O","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a385e22c87362498d3713a1f8ed16d7eec4fd851c4f607c781cbcea60b697802","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2025-03-18T15:48:09Z","title_canon_sha256":"dce2e40caa19a295bfbfefb7777bf8d483a152798157e5febbe8126cd79acbbb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2503.14366","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2503.14366","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:01:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2503.14366v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:01:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2503.14366","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:01:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MBQVVT377KGF","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:01:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MBQVVT377KGFMG2R","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:01:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MBQVVT37","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:01:59Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:0621ee93101fa83ea460ba46141f708e5de211632f4a418bdf74a76ed81f602c","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:01:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2503.14366/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) offer a promising approach to solving computationally demanding problems by combining parameterized quantum circuits with classical optimization. Estimating probabilistic outcomes on quantum hardware requires repeated measurements (shots). However, in practice, the limited shot budget introduces significant noise in the evaluation of the objective function. Gradient estimation in VQAs often relies on the finite-difference, which evaluates the noisy objective function at perturbed circuit parameter values. The accuracy of this estimation is highly dependent","authors_text":"Chao Yang, Linghua Zhu, Senwei Liang, Xiaosong Li","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2025-03-18T15:48:09Z","title":"QuGStep: Refining Step Size Selection in Gradient Estimation for Variational Quantum Algorithms"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2503.14366","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:06c8fdc8a8318ebca11758994028f1951b3fd7b3ea9c752269157607d2641907","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:01:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a385e22c87362498d3713a1f8ed16d7eec4fd851c4f607c781cbcea60b697802","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2025-03-18T15:48:09Z","title_canon_sha256":"dce2e40caa19a295bfbfefb7777bf8d483a152798157e5febbe8126cd79acbbb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2503.14366","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"60615acf7ffa8c561b51074c9089aaf388113d1559dc146cb8dc24bc50a00a5a","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"60615acf7ffa8c561b51074c9089aaf388113d1559dc146cb8dc24bc50a00a5a","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T12:01:59.059913Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T12:01:59.059913Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"24NUj3qfBxeLpEldIQjbfCzRlUM750265Croo4I3abT+cq7eRLilm1qdNS3H2hZU6bwa38Fjnmk5XXkw81cfDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T12:01:59.060483Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2503.14366","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:06c8fdc8a8318ebca11758994028f1951b3fd7b3ea9c752269157607d2641907","sha256:0621ee93101fa83ea460ba46141f708e5de211632f4a418bdf74a76ed81f602c"],"state_sha256":"3ed4b1e6fcb34fd191614d4590272f289c36dae263552f3b4c5a4f0339fdad86"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"bZ65Op19aBg9Huqj+8n+R4AcF+K29Zk2C5W6Q3ygwaoECTIgyDlTRNKfrslGUgKjh9UrH4K4K9xKwrEONay5Bg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T05:19:48.484996Z","bundle_sha256":"e28b962b2bbda76b0030bc1cd7a2e01bac426532dd445be4bca1a7c8e28dd4d4"}}