{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:MJ7GWI7FWQDDRHRTYB4DFM2N52","short_pith_number":"pith:MJ7GWI7F","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1710.05781","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CE","submitted_at":"2017-10-16T15:24:12Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b7ad39759b0471cce1908aa53c76ddf0a3da588c93078dc936bc396a5637430e","abstract_canon_sha256":"680065d30bf003a764e2a7b2775e064af99b4a02cb0061c40fe148cd0822087b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"627e6b23e5b406389e33c07832b34dee86bb29fb5818b58141dda474179ed022","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1710.05781","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1710.05781","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1710.05781v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1710.05781","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MJ7GWI7FWQDD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MJ7GWI7FWQDDRHRT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MJ7GWI7F","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:31Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:MJ7GWI7FWQDDRHRTYB4DFM2N52","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1710.05781","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CE","submitted_at":"2017-10-16T15:24:12Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b7ad39759b0471cce1908aa53c76ddf0a3da588c93078dc936bc396a5637430e","abstract_canon_sha256":"680065d30bf003a764e2a7b2775e064af99b4a02cb0061c40fe148cd0822087b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"627e6b23e5b406389e33c07832b34dee86bb29fb5818b58141dda474179ed022","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:40.513261Z","signature_b64":"OG5BlLMg2EKmBr0yCqAzB82OiahkaGGZFCtTIJOSTYSAw9j4MdZ1YKUo+oCyTqeB7PxGdAOar3jbFvHfEK3ICA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"627e6b23e5b406389e33c07832b34dee86bb29fb5818b58141dda474179ed022","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:40.512555Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:40.512555Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1710.05781","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"eeun+uj4QOQVoziMFDTqErCemnHr+o0cxseOS21H0bmDwWZGgOVQa2bqQj5csRtwKEcNfmoEhhz63oPKLgNtAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T15:10:00.469451Z"},"content_sha256":"eeeca8a5196cd584cc400475a7a661b36d802d2eeb81e9f5d35d018ee67b8038","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:eeeca8a5196cd584cc400475a7a661b36d802d2eeb81e9f5d35d018ee67b8038"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:MJ7GWI7FWQDDRHRTYB4DFM2N52","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A Fast Tree Algorithm for Electric Field Calculation in Electrical Discharge Simulations","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CE","authors_text":"Chijie Zhuang, Jinliang He, Lei Liu, Rong Zeng, Xin Zhou, Yong Zhang","submitted_at":"2017-10-16T15:24:12Z","abstract_excerpt":"The simulation of electrical discharges has been attracting a great deal of attention. In such simulations, the electric field computation dominates the computational time. In this paper, we propose a fast tree algorithm that helps to reduce the time complexity from $O(N^2)$ (from using direct summation) to $O(N\\log N)$. The implementation details are discussed and the time complexity is analyzed. A rigorous error estimation shows the error of the tree algorithm decays exponentially with the number of truncation terms and can be controlled adaptively. Numerical examples are presented to valida"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1710.05781","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xEEeIw4bH0dXsyPHDRWNu7m7pj+TS3sQ0FsxHqBEYtoDoFQyS99Td1SmnOxroYIVx64qhEkYII/aO8iGf5VSBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T15:10:00.469787Z"},"content_sha256":"7a122dcf046dc1238bdd7944f4036f9a6154942ff995e9e28604425fa3db320a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7a122dcf046dc1238bdd7944f4036f9a6154942ff995e9e28604425fa3db320a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MJ7GWI7FWQDDRHRTYB4DFM2N52/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MJ7GWI7FWQDDRHRTYB4DFM2N52/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MJ7GWI7FWQDDRHRTYB4DFM2N52/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-02T15:10:00Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/MJ7GWI7FWQDDRHRTYB4DFM2N52","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/MJ7GWI7FWQDDRHRTYB4DFM2N52/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/MJ7GWI7FWQDDRHRTYB4DFM2N52/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MJ7GWI7FWQDDRHRTYB4DFM2N52/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:MJ7GWI7FWQDDRHRTYB4DFM2N52","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"680065d30bf003a764e2a7b2775e064af99b4a02cb0061c40fe148cd0822087b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CE","submitted_at":"2017-10-16T15:24:12Z","title_canon_sha256":"b7ad39759b0471cce1908aa53c76ddf0a3da588c93078dc936bc396a5637430e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1710.05781","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1710.05781","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1710.05781v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1710.05781","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MJ7GWI7FWQDD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MJ7GWI7FWQDDRHRT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MJ7GWI7F","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:31Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:7a122dcf046dc1238bdd7944f4036f9a6154942ff995e9e28604425fa3db320a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The simulation of electrical discharges has been attracting a great deal of attention. In such simulations, the electric field computation dominates the computational time. In this paper, we propose a fast tree algorithm that helps to reduce the time complexity from $O(N^2)$ (from using direct summation) to $O(N\\log N)$. The implementation details are discussed and the time complexity is analyzed. A rigorous error estimation shows the error of the tree algorithm decays exponentially with the number of truncation terms and can be controlled adaptively. Numerical examples are presented to valida","authors_text":"Chijie Zhuang, Jinliang He, Lei Liu, Rong Zeng, Xin Zhou, Yong Zhang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CE","submitted_at":"2017-10-16T15:24:12Z","title":"A Fast Tree Algorithm for Electric Field Calculation in Electrical Discharge Simulations"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1710.05781","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:eeeca8a5196cd584cc400475a7a661b36d802d2eeb81e9f5d35d018ee67b8038","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"680065d30bf003a764e2a7b2775e064af99b4a02cb0061c40fe148cd0822087b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CE","submitted_at":"2017-10-16T15:24:12Z","title_canon_sha256":"b7ad39759b0471cce1908aa53c76ddf0a3da588c93078dc936bc396a5637430e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1710.05781","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"627e6b23e5b406389e33c07832b34dee86bb29fb5818b58141dda474179ed022","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"627e6b23e5b406389e33c07832b34dee86bb29fb5818b58141dda474179ed022","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:40.512555Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:40.512555Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"OG5BlLMg2EKmBr0yCqAzB82OiahkaGGZFCtTIJOSTYSAw9j4MdZ1YKUo+oCyTqeB7PxGdAOar3jbFvHfEK3ICA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:40.513261Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1710.05781","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:eeeca8a5196cd584cc400475a7a661b36d802d2eeb81e9f5d35d018ee67b8038","sha256:7a122dcf046dc1238bdd7944f4036f9a6154942ff995e9e28604425fa3db320a"],"state_sha256":"3a5a992b61e1b83d73bb740b73efbe72f89b50d8957b320497c163606904d98e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"61voiTY4HKVagGYuaUQUXeMCbnNjWh8LgCVjnuWzpmYPOkyqdrYj0AoaLzQq7cKOLzSHmKa9Xbmlny90z0GcAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T15:10:00.471598Z","bundle_sha256":"ac60dfa42a91be81fa44f1c2c79352832ac552fd48a77bc7fd3f4dd1d494966e"}}