{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:MKNQSWD5LJ4YFSH6ATCNFMO5ZS","short_pith_number":"pith:MKNQSWD5","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2508.14118","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.IV","submitted_at":"2025-08-18T12:31:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV"],"title_canon_sha256":"e7ce5f51d2c92ee77c20f67757f88c25abe57cd5cd57afe02e00406892f35640","abstract_canon_sha256":"4dbb3308bf6b4d4843b2823389669a6c0d99f73f11dd8c14cfbaf7df332dad31"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"629b09587d5a7982c8fe04c4d2b1ddcca99f22471395c5a31fc57b30b4a240cb","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2508.14118","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2508.14118","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2508.14118v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2508.14118","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MKNQSWD5LJ4Y","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MKNQSWD5LJ4YFSH6","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MKNQSWD5","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:25Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:MKNQSWD5LJ4YFSH6ATCNFMO5ZS","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2508.14118","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.IV","submitted_at":"2025-08-18T12:31:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV"],"title_canon_sha256":"e7ce5f51d2c92ee77c20f67757f88c25abe57cd5cd57afe02e00406892f35640","abstract_canon_sha256":"4dbb3308bf6b4d4843b2823389669a6c0d99f73f11dd8c14cfbaf7df332dad31"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"629b09587d5a7982c8fe04c4d2b1ddcca99f22471395c5a31fc57b30b4a240cb","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:25.970059Z","signature_b64":"YWDeNp0fv4KDHsTzo/0fs8rVimGSy1hVLgLqpnMxfYUYhlo8W1n/qR/MMFl9wIov3rUuEyN48uRIyY5jJv9tCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"629b09587d5a7982c8fe04c4d2b1ddcca99f22471395c5a31fc57b30b4a240cb","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:25.969579Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:25.969579Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2508.14118","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:25Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"P5Vxw6dvq5tHlbRYioi3PkHjud1iSmdYDRuruBU1KvaWhSQWZDvp3RwNu/p94kbz2vXOBJCiCihH47IDS9t9Cg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T05:25:54.439355Z"},"content_sha256":"578dee099a97786d0b6dc8097837c1f04e544bfd34e6bf6da646fa087253d3be","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:578dee099a97786d0b6dc8097837c1f04e544bfd34e6bf6da646fa087253d3be"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:MKNQSWD5LJ4YFSH6ATCNFMO5ZS","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Hallucinations in medical devices","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CV"],"primary_cat":"eess.IV","authors_text":"Aldo Badano, Jason Granstedt, Prabhat Kc, Rucha Deshpande, Victor Garcia","submitted_at":"2025-08-18T12:31:55Z","abstract_excerpt":"Computer methods in medical devices are frequently imperfect and are known to produce errors in clinical or diagnostic tasks. However, when deep learning and data-based approaches yield output that exhibit errors, the devices are frequently said to hallucinate. Drawing from theoretical developments and empirical studies in multiple medical device areas, we introduce a practical and universal definition that denotes hallucinations as a type of error that is plausible and can be either impactful or benign to the task at hand. The definition aims at facilitating the evaluation of medical devices "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2508.14118","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2508.14118/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:25Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"mEDK/jY4hrGUDEqTkPj9P3lJzlOrD9TP+TSgrv3ZxcNFmpnix0Ysnwof/EGwyMB05fZv9KKAeO4URVkFotFBCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T05:25:54.439860Z"},"content_sha256":"b34e5c9849df7bc9ce34ecb7528304f4d3e868b8f49055e842b21c3b2d095ec6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b34e5c9849df7bc9ce34ecb7528304f4d3e868b8f49055e842b21c3b2d095ec6"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MKNQSWD5LJ4YFSH6ATCNFMO5ZS/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MKNQSWD5LJ4YFSH6ATCNFMO5ZS/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MKNQSWD5LJ4YFSH6ATCNFMO5ZS/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-16T05:25:54Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/MKNQSWD5LJ4YFSH6ATCNFMO5ZS","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/MKNQSWD5LJ4YFSH6ATCNFMO5ZS/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/MKNQSWD5LJ4YFSH6ATCNFMO5ZS/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MKNQSWD5LJ4YFSH6ATCNFMO5ZS/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:MKNQSWD5LJ4YFSH6ATCNFMO5ZS","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4dbb3308bf6b4d4843b2823389669a6c0d99f73f11dd8c14cfbaf7df332dad31","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.IV","submitted_at":"2025-08-18T12:31:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"e7ce5f51d2c92ee77c20f67757f88c25abe57cd5cd57afe02e00406892f35640"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2508.14118","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2508.14118","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2508.14118v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2508.14118","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MKNQSWD5LJ4Y","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MKNQSWD5LJ4YFSH6","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MKNQSWD5","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:25Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b34e5c9849df7bc9ce34ecb7528304f4d3e868b8f49055e842b21c3b2d095ec6","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:25Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2508.14118/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Computer methods in medical devices are frequently imperfect and are known to produce errors in clinical or diagnostic tasks. However, when deep learning and data-based approaches yield output that exhibit errors, the devices are frequently said to hallucinate. Drawing from theoretical developments and empirical studies in multiple medical device areas, we introduce a practical and universal definition that denotes hallucinations as a type of error that is plausible and can be either impactful or benign to the task at hand. The definition aims at facilitating the evaluation of medical devices ","authors_text":"Aldo Badano, Jason Granstedt, Prabhat Kc, Rucha Deshpande, Victor Garcia","cross_cats":["cs.CV"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.IV","submitted_at":"2025-08-18T12:31:55Z","title":"Hallucinations in medical devices"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2508.14118","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:578dee099a97786d0b6dc8097837c1f04e544bfd34e6bf6da646fa087253d3be","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:25Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4dbb3308bf6b4d4843b2823389669a6c0d99f73f11dd8c14cfbaf7df332dad31","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.IV","submitted_at":"2025-08-18T12:31:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"e7ce5f51d2c92ee77c20f67757f88c25abe57cd5cd57afe02e00406892f35640"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2508.14118","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"629b09587d5a7982c8fe04c4d2b1ddcca99f22471395c5a31fc57b30b4a240cb","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"629b09587d5a7982c8fe04c4d2b1ddcca99f22471395c5a31fc57b30b4a240cb","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:25.969579Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:25.969579Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"YWDeNp0fv4KDHsTzo/0fs8rVimGSy1hVLgLqpnMxfYUYhlo8W1n/qR/MMFl9wIov3rUuEyN48uRIyY5jJv9tCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:56:25.970059Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2508.14118","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:578dee099a97786d0b6dc8097837c1f04e544bfd34e6bf6da646fa087253d3be","sha256:b34e5c9849df7bc9ce34ecb7528304f4d3e868b8f49055e842b21c3b2d095ec6"],"state_sha256":"5603df345bc3ce79ca003ad43df7b9e1c627e50e320f0733a95550cf053840c3"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"1Ah77r5/4bK5qkAx7ME3Ci0I2JdKML1WIgHuX8N+Xo5EYgHcEHviYW00rpOB3C780Ufo3CLOjmJthQF/8toOAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T05:25:54.443989Z","bundle_sha256":"4941ad120c46a1044ccbbf1d7a08947085d2c17a9d10a8b799c72b6fddc69585"}}