{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:N4UM2CXT7H36HR6KVX2QYX74GC","short_pith_number":"pith:N4UM2CXT","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1905.11684","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2019-05-28T08:46:56Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"621e10156675fa8c88365a9678cfc85fb4dc42adcc9a6124b9dc5312b95f83d7","abstract_canon_sha256":"beb75a8dfb265728ce752e690835c973406baf132612d229d2d96fcbc5b3bdfb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6f28cd0af3f9f7e3c7caadf50c5ffc30932043295eb6cb6baa6a740b0bec5e4d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1905.11684","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1905.11684","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1905.11684v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1905.11684","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"N4UM2CXT7H36","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"N4UM2CXT7H36HR6K","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"N4UM2CXT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:24Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:N4UM2CXT7H36HR6KVX2QYX74GC","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1905.11684","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2019-05-28T08:46:56Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"621e10156675fa8c88365a9678cfc85fb4dc42adcc9a6124b9dc5312b95f83d7","abstract_canon_sha256":"beb75a8dfb265728ce752e690835c973406baf132612d229d2d96fcbc5b3bdfb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6f28cd0af3f9f7e3c7caadf50c5ffc30932043295eb6cb6baa6a740b0bec5e4d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:52.660384Z","signature_b64":"sZ3I5TjmisaVur5YnMc4qYgVKzH0dMgXZFTPPTw51Ne0c8+vJiGpTfyhk6W711u/wQy2d1fdK30cKk8tTzMCDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"6f28cd0af3f9f7e3c7caadf50c5ffc30932043295eb6cb6baa6a740b0bec5e4d","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:52.659648Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:52.659648Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1905.11684","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"E6gqrNg/fXNc5hUG+zwM8am14lHJPY/XKovC86W2sOnO4G9PvGv3q4lI+ohE2chXN4EbLSQJDVp7kzYwfzwJCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-02T12:38:20.138889Z"},"content_sha256":"9fa7489e9675a6784881e05894d1a186bec5836f209c9ce4edb852073481dd9b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9fa7489e9675a6784881e05894d1a186bec5836f209c9ce4edb852073481dd9b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:N4UM2CXT7H36HR6KVX2QYX74GC","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"On Measuring Gender Bias in Translation of Gender-neutral Pronouns","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Ji Won Kim, Nam Soo Kim, Seok Min Kim, Won Ik Cho","submitted_at":"2019-05-28T08:46:56Z","abstract_excerpt":"Ethics regarding social bias has recently thrown striking issues in natural language processing. Especially for gender-related topics, the need for a system that reduces the model bias has grown in areas such as image captioning, content recommendation, and automated employment. However, detection and evaluation of gender bias in the machine translation systems are not yet thoroughly investigated, for the task being cross-lingual and challenging to define. In this paper, we propose a scheme for making up a test set that evaluates the gender bias in a machine translation system, with Korean, a "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1905.11684","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Mv2qxV2rF4Vi6uzXuqNnM2m3tgBvKOXEgrR0b/WmalsmESzc19oAl3CO8JSnGlrnBDqqVYZIa07cKvwl84F1DA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-02T12:38:20.139242Z"},"content_sha256":"03efe3ce5f30c3dc28c04cae1d79df8b8bb01e7ed1330e198815519443bab226","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:03efe3ce5f30c3dc28c04cae1d79df8b8bb01e7ed1330e198815519443bab226"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/N4UM2CXT7H36HR6KVX2QYX74GC/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/N4UM2CXT7H36HR6KVX2QYX74GC/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/N4UM2CXT7H36HR6KVX2QYX74GC/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-02T12:38:20Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/N4UM2CXT7H36HR6KVX2QYX74GC","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/N4UM2CXT7H36HR6KVX2QYX74GC/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/N4UM2CXT7H36HR6KVX2QYX74GC/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/N4UM2CXT7H36HR6KVX2QYX74GC/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:N4UM2CXT7H36HR6KVX2QYX74GC","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"beb75a8dfb265728ce752e690835c973406baf132612d229d2d96fcbc5b3bdfb","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2019-05-28T08:46:56Z","title_canon_sha256":"621e10156675fa8c88365a9678cfc85fb4dc42adcc9a6124b9dc5312b95f83d7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1905.11684","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1905.11684","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1905.11684v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1905.11684","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"N4UM2CXT7H36","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"N4UM2CXT7H36HR6K","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"N4UM2CXT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:24Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:03efe3ce5f30c3dc28c04cae1d79df8b8bb01e7ed1330e198815519443bab226","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Ethics regarding social bias has recently thrown striking issues in natural language processing. Especially for gender-related topics, the need for a system that reduces the model bias has grown in areas such as image captioning, content recommendation, and automated employment. However, detection and evaluation of gender bias in the machine translation systems are not yet thoroughly investigated, for the task being cross-lingual and challenging to define. In this paper, we propose a scheme for making up a test set that evaluates the gender bias in a machine translation system, with Korean, a ","authors_text":"Ji Won Kim, Nam Soo Kim, Seok Min Kim, Won Ik Cho","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2019-05-28T08:46:56Z","title":"On Measuring Gender Bias in Translation of Gender-neutral Pronouns"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1905.11684","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:9fa7489e9675a6784881e05894d1a186bec5836f209c9ce4edb852073481dd9b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"beb75a8dfb265728ce752e690835c973406baf132612d229d2d96fcbc5b3bdfb","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2019-05-28T08:46:56Z","title_canon_sha256":"621e10156675fa8c88365a9678cfc85fb4dc42adcc9a6124b9dc5312b95f83d7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1905.11684","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"6f28cd0af3f9f7e3c7caadf50c5ffc30932043295eb6cb6baa6a740b0bec5e4d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"6f28cd0af3f9f7e3c7caadf50c5ffc30932043295eb6cb6baa6a740b0bec5e4d","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:52.659648Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:52.659648Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"sZ3I5TjmisaVur5YnMc4qYgVKzH0dMgXZFTPPTw51Ne0c8+vJiGpTfyhk6W711u/wQy2d1fdK30cKk8tTzMCDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:52.660384Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1905.11684","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:9fa7489e9675a6784881e05894d1a186bec5836f209c9ce4edb852073481dd9b","sha256:03efe3ce5f30c3dc28c04cae1d79df8b8bb01e7ed1330e198815519443bab226"],"state_sha256":"3d0880035a3a7b7fce9ce3c064e4b1929c09d03f60f4a913cb14e22b15754d18"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"08zZnT8uQqAvj0NFeiioPoifXDJI0S3Z/dpZcbqmUoUydN7R+jQoXZXRxrSJtXqsqVmvMpwmfZJjm2pmVIobCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-02T12:38:20.141634Z","bundle_sha256":"27e5c37b43611fe5b4bb0da1c47e9e367d7234eee84da60b9a71134fbdb620e1"}}