{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:NBNVGG2OD7NY4NUQPEJ3OY3IOB","short_pith_number":"pith:NBNVGG2O","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2606.04118","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2026-06-02T18:28:29Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"8a047a21293d00432540989eded45eed663001685ac666299c244240d5cbd002","abstract_canon_sha256":"2fb05b97efc749ee0a5d3e2a98fd40d0a99459b327e9914b73a4c474d33a1499"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"685b531b4e1fdb8e36907913b7636870478700040ed048e3912997eba6dff1a3","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2606.04118","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2606.04118","created_at":"2026-06-04T00:06:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2606.04118v1","created_at":"2026-06-04T00:06:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2606.04118","created_at":"2026-06-04T00:06:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NBNVGG2OD7NY","created_at":"2026-06-04T00:06:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NBNVGG2OD7NY4NUQ","created_at":"2026-06-04T00:06:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NBNVGG2O","created_at":"2026-06-04T00:06:51Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:NBNVGG2OD7NY4NUQPEJ3OY3IOB","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2606.04118","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2026-06-02T18:28:29Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"8a047a21293d00432540989eded45eed663001685ac666299c244240d5cbd002","abstract_canon_sha256":"2fb05b97efc749ee0a5d3e2a98fd40d0a99459b327e9914b73a4c474d33a1499"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"685b531b4e1fdb8e36907913b7636870478700040ed048e3912997eba6dff1a3","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-06-04T00:06:51.060445Z","signature_b64":"6KwVoAZp3Vnd9mtA9rw29mzjMxaiNBqrqN2A+e9pufZyrRL0oAn0c4J5QyGJr57JA0oRuFJj+yNePcD85nrABg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"685b531b4e1fdb8e36907913b7636870478700040ed048e3912997eba6dff1a3","last_reissued_at":"2026-06-04T00:06:51.059995Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-06-04T00:06:51.059995Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2606.04118","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-06-04T00:06:51Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"edOheBEI+rkTImCUjFZ4pCgJCvTXedHitJ+puvpNZQDC2Ji07Dy0J+12o86Xp6NOdftzSxcV4gzwhtcXZ6ydCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-24T03:03:50.140395Z"},"content_sha256":"89b92610f24de3f3753a92d73494b68be81d5c89abb65703c8e35a26561e024c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:89b92610f24de3f3753a92d73494b68be81d5c89abb65703c8e35a26561e024c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:NBNVGG2OD7NY4NUQPEJ3OY3IOB","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Computational conceptual history of scientific concepts: From early digital methods to LLMs","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Arno Simons, Michael Zichert","submitted_at":"2026-06-02T18:28:29Z","abstract_excerpt":"This article situates large language models (LLMs) within the longer history of computational approaches to concept analysis in the history, philosophy, and sociology of science (HPSS). We examine what LLMs add to existing methods, how they inherit longstanding problems, and review recent case studies that employ them. In the first part, we reconstruct computational conceptual history before LLMs by bringing together three strands of work: early digital methods in HPSS, distributional approaches from digital history and related research, and lexical semantic change detection. We provide an ove"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2606.04118","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2606.04118/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-06-04T00:06:51Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"g+QSj3xa0C0+t0Sw9t+tVGTmuZo5vZ9wMeVpKhEdYTIyc50WYN3Md39u3GPyJch9z6S4VDMe3XeLzUj9GPsoBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-24T03:03:50.140785Z"},"content_sha256":"b5dc6e65db091b6280f9ef1cb494366bef95288bbaeb5760c5fd9b1d50d4d4d2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b5dc6e65db091b6280f9ef1cb494366bef95288bbaeb5760c5fd9b1d50d4d4d2"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NBNVGG2OD7NY4NUQPEJ3OY3IOB/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NBNVGG2OD7NY4NUQPEJ3OY3IOB/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NBNVGG2OD7NY4NUQPEJ3OY3IOB/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-24T03:03:50Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/NBNVGG2OD7NY4NUQPEJ3OY3IOB","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/NBNVGG2OD7NY4NUQPEJ3OY3IOB/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/NBNVGG2OD7NY4NUQPEJ3OY3IOB/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NBNVGG2OD7NY4NUQPEJ3OY3IOB/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:NBNVGG2OD7NY4NUQPEJ3OY3IOB","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2fb05b97efc749ee0a5d3e2a98fd40d0a99459b327e9914b73a4c474d33a1499","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2026-06-02T18:28:29Z","title_canon_sha256":"8a047a21293d00432540989eded45eed663001685ac666299c244240d5cbd002"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2606.04118","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2606.04118","created_at":"2026-06-04T00:06:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2606.04118v1","created_at":"2026-06-04T00:06:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2606.04118","created_at":"2026-06-04T00:06:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NBNVGG2OD7NY","created_at":"2026-06-04T00:06:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NBNVGG2OD7NY4NUQ","created_at":"2026-06-04T00:06:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NBNVGG2O","created_at":"2026-06-04T00:06:51Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b5dc6e65db091b6280f9ef1cb494366bef95288bbaeb5760c5fd9b1d50d4d4d2","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-06-04T00:06:51Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2606.04118/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"This article situates large language models (LLMs) within the longer history of computational approaches to concept analysis in the history, philosophy, and sociology of science (HPSS). We examine what LLMs add to existing methods, how they inherit longstanding problems, and review recent case studies that employ them. In the first part, we reconstruct computational conceptual history before LLMs by bringing together three strands of work: early digital methods in HPSS, distributional approaches from digital history and related research, and lexical semantic change detection. We provide an ove","authors_text":"Arno Simons, Michael Zichert","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2026-06-02T18:28:29Z","title":"Computational conceptual history of scientific concepts: From early digital methods to LLMs"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2606.04118","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:89b92610f24de3f3753a92d73494b68be81d5c89abb65703c8e35a26561e024c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-06-04T00:06:51Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2fb05b97efc749ee0a5d3e2a98fd40d0a99459b327e9914b73a4c474d33a1499","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2026-06-02T18:28:29Z","title_canon_sha256":"8a047a21293d00432540989eded45eed663001685ac666299c244240d5cbd002"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2606.04118","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"685b531b4e1fdb8e36907913b7636870478700040ed048e3912997eba6dff1a3","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"685b531b4e1fdb8e36907913b7636870478700040ed048e3912997eba6dff1a3","first_computed_at":"2026-06-04T00:06:51.059995Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-06-04T00:06:51.059995Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"6KwVoAZp3Vnd9mtA9rw29mzjMxaiNBqrqN2A+e9pufZyrRL0oAn0c4J5QyGJr57JA0oRuFJj+yNePcD85nrABg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-06-04T00:06:51.060445Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2606.04118","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:89b92610f24de3f3753a92d73494b68be81d5c89abb65703c8e35a26561e024c","sha256:b5dc6e65db091b6280f9ef1cb494366bef95288bbaeb5760c5fd9b1d50d4d4d2"],"state_sha256":"ca8630fd2e97ce2067c4f5b7908a6a6aaaefb11e3f37e91a3052541af54714c3"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"MbKtrbAq4vkuv758EDL3SmXCWh43VtCE8peAPBYwoA5I6DuJvtDSYg9iCIbllwAhZFxGSRuNyAB2d684fNueDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-24T03:03:50.142898Z","bundle_sha256":"3870a8c246d3ed33f6082c2e22bff8df740299d8a9c451bc28c202b9479361e8"}}