{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:NE3HNML67EMOAZTDJCESP4TUVQ","short_pith_number":"pith:NE3HNML6","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1511.00541","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.space-ph","submitted_at":"2015-08-13T16:45:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE"],"title_canon_sha256":"29f23a0e192c511916c4bde2e1d0474d767ee7f3ad6a0ec0c1d08a9d9bf83fc3","abstract_canon_sha256":"19e9a68cacb2492a11bdc82960a0917b25107576d12f0e0c74cb3b063e6e4387"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"693676b17ef918e06663488927f274ac3bb7987cd08a33d24d26f191da54a13d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1511.00541","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1511.00541","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:28:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1511.00541v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:28:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1511.00541","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:28:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NE3HNML67EMO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NE3HNML67EMOAZTD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NE3HNML6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:32Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:NE3HNML67EMOAZTDJCESP4TUVQ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1511.00541","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.space-ph","submitted_at":"2015-08-13T16:45:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE"],"title_canon_sha256":"29f23a0e192c511916c4bde2e1d0474d767ee7f3ad6a0ec0c1d08a9d9bf83fc3","abstract_canon_sha256":"19e9a68cacb2492a11bdc82960a0917b25107576d12f0e0c74cb3b063e6e4387"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"693676b17ef918e06663488927f274ac3bb7987cd08a33d24d26f191da54a13d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:28:12.069150Z","signature_b64":"qXnKvrbGasdqZ/RG+B687nlqTnhwPvKNCgVYStT1kbARGzveZyK3OmbrjfjHwnG/TWtzxI+gnbouBzhGTnejBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"693676b17ef918e06663488927f274ac3bb7987cd08a33d24d26f191da54a13d","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:28:12.068518Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:28:12.068518Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1511.00541","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:28:12Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"QsNizy2jY2O6SX+EGtkrG0ohYiCG8GZ41rgk2s0p+TJ4FBySU35MBUKCyq7Lcb3tcX/5NOhsTiEtqj/m+f5eAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T20:33:22.316987Z"},"content_sha256":"d2bae925278ca814b3d0eed4a1afa1dd81083618a59bfa85cdcf4ff0503f7d06","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d2bae925278ca814b3d0eed4a1afa1dd81083618a59bfa85cdcf4ff0503f7d06"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:NE3HNML67EMOAZTDJCESP4TUVQ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Cosmic Rays Propagation with HelMod: Difference between forward-in-time and backward-in-time approaches","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE"],"primary_cat":"physics.space-ph","authors_text":"D. Grandi, D. Rozza, G. La Vacca, M. Gervasi, M. J. Boschini, M. Putis, M. Tacconi, M. Zannoni, P. Bobik, P. G. Rancoita, S. Della Torre, S. Pensotti","submitted_at":"2015-08-13T16:45:11Z","abstract_excerpt":"The cosmic rays modulation inside the heliosphere is well described by a transport equation introduced by Parker in 1965. To solve this equation several approaches were followed in the past. Recently the Monte Carlo approach becomes widely used in force of his advantages with respect to other numerical methods. In the Monte Carlo approach, the transport equation is associated to a fully equivalent set of Stochastic Differential Equations. This set is used to describe the stochastic path of a quasi-particle from a source, e.g., the interstellar medium, to a specific target, e.g., a detector at "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1511.00541","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:28:12Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/P/OuDUXqvAAunHf2zbJaWvsVEkD5Or147eLT3v1vaD4y0kFb3tICMcc0Ox3L27y93v60WScc703yuJXQMINAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T20:33:22.317379Z"},"content_sha256":"66ba3314425462eac15042259ecb05bc1a5f4ed6cace5f79c6af383097b3835a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:66ba3314425462eac15042259ecb05bc1a5f4ed6cace5f79c6af383097b3835a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NE3HNML67EMOAZTDJCESP4TUVQ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NE3HNML67EMOAZTDJCESP4TUVQ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NE3HNML67EMOAZTDJCESP4TUVQ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-01T20:33:22Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/NE3HNML67EMOAZTDJCESP4TUVQ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/NE3HNML67EMOAZTDJCESP4TUVQ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/NE3HNML67EMOAZTDJCESP4TUVQ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NE3HNML67EMOAZTDJCESP4TUVQ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:NE3HNML67EMOAZTDJCESP4TUVQ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"19e9a68cacb2492a11bdc82960a0917b25107576d12f0e0c74cb3b063e6e4387","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.space-ph","submitted_at":"2015-08-13T16:45:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"29f23a0e192c511916c4bde2e1d0474d767ee7f3ad6a0ec0c1d08a9d9bf83fc3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1511.00541","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1511.00541","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:28:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1511.00541v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:28:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1511.00541","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:28:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NE3HNML67EMO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NE3HNML67EMOAZTD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NE3HNML6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:32Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:66ba3314425462eac15042259ecb05bc1a5f4ed6cace5f79c6af383097b3835a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:28:12Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The cosmic rays modulation inside the heliosphere is well described by a transport equation introduced by Parker in 1965. To solve this equation several approaches were followed in the past. Recently the Monte Carlo approach becomes widely used in force of his advantages with respect to other numerical methods. In the Monte Carlo approach, the transport equation is associated to a fully equivalent set of Stochastic Differential Equations. This set is used to describe the stochastic path of a quasi-particle from a source, e.g., the interstellar medium, to a specific target, e.g., a detector at ","authors_text":"D. Grandi, D. Rozza, G. La Vacca, M. Gervasi, M. J. Boschini, M. Putis, M. Tacconi, M. Zannoni, P. Bobik, P. G. Rancoita, S. Della Torre, S. Pensotti","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.space-ph","submitted_at":"2015-08-13T16:45:11Z","title":"Cosmic Rays Propagation with HelMod: Difference between forward-in-time and backward-in-time approaches"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1511.00541","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d2bae925278ca814b3d0eed4a1afa1dd81083618a59bfa85cdcf4ff0503f7d06","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:28:12Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"19e9a68cacb2492a11bdc82960a0917b25107576d12f0e0c74cb3b063e6e4387","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.space-ph","submitted_at":"2015-08-13T16:45:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"29f23a0e192c511916c4bde2e1d0474d767ee7f3ad6a0ec0c1d08a9d9bf83fc3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1511.00541","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"693676b17ef918e06663488927f274ac3bb7987cd08a33d24d26f191da54a13d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"693676b17ef918e06663488927f274ac3bb7987cd08a33d24d26f191da54a13d","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:28:12.068518Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:28:12.068518Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"qXnKvrbGasdqZ/RG+B687nlqTnhwPvKNCgVYStT1kbARGzveZyK3OmbrjfjHwnG/TWtzxI+gnbouBzhGTnejBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:28:12.069150Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1511.00541","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d2bae925278ca814b3d0eed4a1afa1dd81083618a59bfa85cdcf4ff0503f7d06","sha256:66ba3314425462eac15042259ecb05bc1a5f4ed6cace5f79c6af383097b3835a"],"state_sha256":"cf09ff51bf2002464ab391f3674192320e39fdf800fd89bffce4d12caaa36e93"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"SxkPhuYxKyiCJs3chcS5l8NrVjAIQCOxUOr/1jNH4vZT/swH7Q1eVO1HuIgQQ5ADITeayusQdxErZ/r8u8zBBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T20:33:22.319378Z","bundle_sha256":"9faab3d1f16b95dc143464ba565a4beee2660b789180758934dfbd8d63724c6c"}}