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If we extrapolate this mass loss, the disk will have 1% of its current mass left after another ∼4 Myr. D9 will then be ∼6.7 Myr old, which is on the same order as the current average age of S cluster members. The vZLK-driven mass loss could, therefore, explain the absence of Brγ emission from other S cluster members."},{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C2","kind":"weakest_assumption","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","text":"The mass loss rate of ~7% per cycle remains constant over multiple Myr without significant changes from unmodeled physics such as stellar winds, radiation, or variations in initial disk conditions."},{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C3","kind":"one_line_summary","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","text":"Numerical simulations find that vZLK oscillations induce periodic mass loss from D9's circumbinary disk at a rate of ~7% per 62.5 kyr cycle, leading to near-total depletion after ~4 Myr."},{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C4","kind":"headline","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","text":"The circumbinary disk around D9 loses about 7 percent of its mass every von Zeipel-Lidov-Kozai cycle induced by Sgr A*."}],"snapshot_sha256":"eb0421b692ddbf509a542cc10cc1c48d8f07051f5e6e8138f48ae2cf0998734b"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2604.09856/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The supermassive black hole (Sgr A*) in the Galactic center is surrounded by the S-star cluster consisting of young stars on eccentric orbits. Recently, the S-star binary, called D9, was found to be orbited by a circumbinary disk. Due to the gravitational interaction between Sgr A* and the binary, the disk could be short-lived. We investigate the evolution of the disk around a stellar binary while orbiting Sgr A*. We use the \\texttt{AMUSE} framework for coupling a gravity solver (for the binary and Sgr. A*) with a hydrodynamics solver (for the disk). We find that, the disk eventually settles b","authors_text":"Lucas Pouw, Simon Portegies Zwart, Tim van der Vuurst, Yannick Badoux","cross_cats":["astro-ph.SR"],"headline":"The circumbinary disk around D9 loses about 7 percent of its mass every von Zeipel-Lidov-Kozai cycle induced by Sgr A*.","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2026-04-10T19:35:46Z","title":"Kozai-driven mass loss of the circumbinary disk in D9 in orbit around the supermassive black hole Sgr A*"},"references":{"count":27,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":27,"sample":[{"cited_arxiv_id":"","doi":"","is_internal_anchor":false,"ref_index":1,"title":"2012, ApJ, 757, L29","work_id":"33d295ac-ea0c-460a-931f-87b8d814d7a6","year":2012},{"cited_arxiv_id":"","doi":"","is_internal_anchor":false,"ref_index":2,"title":"Cheng, S. J., Vinson, A. M., & Naoz, S. 2019, MNRAS, 489, 2298","work_id":"edf70984-9850-4560-9160-becff2335f56","year":2019},{"cited_arxiv_id":"","doi":"","is_internal_anchor":false,"ref_index":3,"title":"Eckart, A. & Genzel, R. 1996, Nature, 383, 415","work_id":"580431cd-e6a9-47e4-b5bc-8b0ce11a7de6","year":1996},{"cited_arxiv_id":"","doi":"","is_internal_anchor":false,"ref_index":4,"title":"2010, A&A, 512, A80","work_id":"79cb19a2-54b6-464d-a642-295a7fa9de15","year":2010},{"cited_arxiv_id":"","doi":"","is_internal_anchor":false,"ref_index":5,"title":"2007, PASJ, 59, 1095","work_id":"25705e2b-4970-44e1-bd05-45878231cacb","year":2007}],"snapshot_sha256":"442794ca6b90f445410cdbe8c3fba20ccb5347953668901ade97aa9bf6bae16d"},"source":{"id":"2604.09856","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":"2026-05-10T16:56:42.133778Z","id":"e648bf3b-c637-494f-9de2-d16d3868ed8e","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"one_line_summary":"Numerical simulations find that vZLK oscillations induce periodic mass loss from D9's circumbinary disk at a rate of ~7% per 62.5 kyr cycle, leading to near-total depletion after ~4 Myr.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","pith_extraction_headline":"The circumbinary disk around D9 loses about 7 percent of its mass every von Zeipel-Lidov-Kozai cycle induced by Sgr A*.","strongest_claim":"We find the disk loses ∼7% ± 2% of its mass every vZLK cycle. If we extrapolate this mass loss, the disk will have 1% of its current mass left after another ∼4 Myr. D9 will then be ∼6.7 Myr old, which is on the same order as the current average age of S cluster members. The vZLK-driven mass loss could, therefore, explain the absence of Brγ emission from other S cluster members.","weakest_assumption":"The mass loss rate of ~7% per cycle remains constant over multiple Myr without significant changes from unmodeled physics such as stellar winds, radiation, or variations in initial disk conditions."}},"verdict_id":"e648bf3b-c637-494f-9de2-d16d3868ed8e"}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f7b02c9f127ece6987e90a08a9a8679503048b2289cd1fb0c9e7daff5eaa5389","target":"record","created_at":"2026-06-19T16:10:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8f91244ee7784566dec8309ad2b82a95ec63fcbcc35a34e4597223cc0ada5b5a","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.SR"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2026-04-10T19:35:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"1d892b18475e6a3ffb15b364c3602364410df0d173406c5b3847e4a01e066d0c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2604.09856","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"6d4585e1fca46a6f11c175ec5505109927fc9c0f5d672da9dc636ac908b98d22","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"6d4585e1fca46a6f11c175ec5505109927fc9c0f5d672da9dc636ac908b98d22","first_computed_at":"2026-06-19T16:10:37.257854Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-06-19T16:10:37.257854Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"TudU+ihHowv6g85irqn3pbsO5sKdPuTVwB9M5Lm/3hALaOL0EkKZQdMecyhinUQ2ZQDxsJGFHGc812ticlwKBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-06-19T16:10:37.258254Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2604.09856","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f7b02c9f127ece6987e90a08a9a8679503048b2289cd1fb0c9e7daff5eaa5389","sha256:846cf88620bb61afac8d32272e7ea21f2d6952cc4e2a345f08eae3caf2425368"],"state_sha256":"0ca2851656cb38e1b15c08b1922055b5e8332f7bd5db7c847b447d0303ce2571"}