{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2025:OGMFEOCVEGWY2QL4R6V2MFHACU","short_pith_number":"pith:OGMFEOCV","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"719852385521ad8d417c8faba614e0153688fae9add951f432d692b7a053f7e4","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2508.02954","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Sensitivity of weighted least squares estimators to omitted variables","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"stat.ME","authors_text":"Chad Hazlett, Leonard Wainstein","submitted_at":"2025-08-04T23:30:43Z","abstract_excerpt":"This paper introduces tools for assessing the sensitivity, to unobserved confounding, of a common estimator of the causal effect of a treatment on an outcome that employs weights: the weighted linear regression of the outcome on the treatment and observed covariates. We demonstrate through the omitted variable bias framework that the bias of this estimator is a function of two intuitive sensitivity parameters: (i) the proportion of weighted variance in the treatment that unobserved confounding explains given the covariates and (ii) the proportion of weighted variance in the outcome that unobse"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2508.02954","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2025-08-04T23:30:43Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"d4fb4a69b6a3b8391b42863a7432a342dc944060acd51b1c410f94a44535f8af","abstract_canon_sha256":"5194fc9313ffefffa61e408ee4384001a30c36e0dbf48f3ca7f7968cc8cb1163"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:48:33.514385Z","signature_b64":"pfUKISM0wQxp4OfXBoEJCVSblDplRTP7t1ut1YgNZmOK4d3gCeivSL7LTmJn+Hk7fkxMYSCNM9pLdAg/x8RPBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"719852385521ad8d417c8faba614e0153688fae9add951f432d692b7a053f7e4","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:48:33.513964Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:48:33.513964Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Sensitivity of weighted least squares estimators to omitted variables","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"stat.ME","authors_text":"Chad Hazlett, Leonard Wainstein","submitted_at":"2025-08-04T23:30:43Z","abstract_excerpt":"This paper introduces tools for assessing the sensitivity, to unobserved confounding, of a common estimator of the causal effect of a treatment on an outcome that employs weights: the weighted linear regression of the outcome on the treatment and observed covariates. We demonstrate through the omitted variable bias framework that the bias of this estimator is a function of two intuitive sensitivity parameters: (i) the proportion of weighted variance in the treatment that unobserved confounding explains given the covariates and (ii) the proportion of weighted variance in the outcome that unobse"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2508.02954","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2508.02954/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2508.02954","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:48:33.514021+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2508.02954v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:48:33.514021+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2508.02954","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:48:33.514021+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OGMFEOCVEGWY","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:48:33.514021+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OGMFEOCVEGWY2QL4","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:48:33.514021+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OGMFEOCV","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:48:33.514021+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/OGMFEOCVEGWY2QL4R6V2MFHACU","json":"https://pith.science/pith/OGMFEOCVEGWY2QL4R6V2MFHACU.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/OGMFEOCVEGWY2QL4R6V2MFHACU/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/OGMFEOCVEGWY2QL4R6V2MFHACU/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/OGMFEOCV"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/OGMFEOCVEGWY2QL4R6V2MFHACU","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/OGMFEOCVEGWY2QL4R6V2MFHACU.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/OGMFEOCV","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2508.02954&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/OGMFEOCVEGWY2QL4R6V2MFHACU/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/OGMFEOCVEGWY2QL4R6V2MFHACU/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/OGMFEOCVEGWY2QL4R6V2MFHACU/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/OGMFEOCVEGWY2QL4R6V2MFHACU/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/OGMFEOCVEGWY2QL4R6V2MFHACU/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/OGMFEOCVEGWY2QL4R6V2MFHACU/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/OGMFEOCVEGWY2QL4R6V2MFHACU/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:48:33.514021+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-05T11:48:33.514021+00:00"}