{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:OWMJXHPMDJOEN6O4RZ6SRAZKWW","short_pith_number":"pith:OWMJXHPM","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1805.08803","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2018-05-22T18:15:27Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"24ca6376d8c14c3e9f40c5b47d7583dd6d8c213f56e8c0411cd9d38db7393369","abstract_canon_sha256":"af7116181bf7991f3e8bd85f344212e6f8ec3f46189d87fe6241689a6db8fe3b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"75989b9dec1a5c46f9dc8e7d28832ab58cc6150a6210ee210869603d431fe21a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1805.08803","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1805.08803","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1805.08803v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1805.08803","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OWMJXHPMDJOE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OWMJXHPMDJOEN6O4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OWMJXHPM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:43Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:OWMJXHPMDJOEN6O4RZ6SRAZKWW","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1805.08803","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2018-05-22T18:15:27Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"24ca6376d8c14c3e9f40c5b47d7583dd6d8c213f56e8c0411cd9d38db7393369","abstract_canon_sha256":"af7116181bf7991f3e8bd85f344212e6f8ec3f46189d87fe6241689a6db8fe3b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"75989b9dec1a5c46f9dc8e7d28832ab58cc6150a6210ee210869603d431fe21a","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:09.398308Z","signature_b64":"Wy65Ypxk/2Vqtt+7NeFnobRAWtDJ3N7K6h+T/3WerRGKadyBfQ8gbWzvZvlM9u7wrUcIB0FIj7aBCldXV5MDDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"75989b9dec1a5c46f9dc8e7d28832ab58cc6150a6210ee210869603d431fe21a","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:09.397865Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:09.397865Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1805.08803","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"odSWm8wW+7BiX4f9qnKNgdohrTIE/oWydELGOqdG/cz3wc4d4ejkihYVSOUDmo7Qiz3Yc++iNVy9Ow8LKK3lDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-30T20:00:24.411411Z"},"content_sha256":"e54f9506714adddb34dfe1db3b11d54fcc913bbac02ef0b60ab0fd2856a0445e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e54f9506714adddb34dfe1db3b11d54fcc913bbac02ef0b60ab0fd2856a0445e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:OWMJXHPMDJOEN6O4RZ6SRAZKWW","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"On magic angles and band flattening in twisted bilayer graphene","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","authors_text":"Hridis K. Pal","submitted_at":"2018-05-22T18:15:27Z","abstract_excerpt":"When two graphene layers are rotated from AA or AB configuration by a small angle, the band structure changes dramatically. Numerical calculations have shown that, at certain discrete angles called magic angles, the low energy bands become flat leading to localization of electrons. The origin of this strange behavior, however, is not well understood. Here, I propose a theory that offers an understanding of the phenomenon, focusing on the first magic angle. It is shown that coupling between the layers, in addition to renormalizing the Dirac velocity, introduces higher order momentum terms in th"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1805.08803","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2oda8z/1fLS0/fSeiKAE9nZDR/mF1DV+6LwfP66LupMYnz/O/eOAmjE7wbVxpuuzWTpEjzwp5LARbQXnHMUuCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-30T20:00:24.411763Z"},"content_sha256":"cc40fd32404980406bc74b5bc67ef1ed62474c60dbb709045ee2d1fd60cb7e38","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cc40fd32404980406bc74b5bc67ef1ed62474c60dbb709045ee2d1fd60cb7e38"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OWMJXHPMDJOEN6O4RZ6SRAZKWW/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OWMJXHPMDJOEN6O4RZ6SRAZKWW/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OWMJXHPMDJOEN6O4RZ6SRAZKWW/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-30T20:00:24Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/OWMJXHPMDJOEN6O4RZ6SRAZKWW","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/OWMJXHPMDJOEN6O4RZ6SRAZKWW/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/OWMJXHPMDJOEN6O4RZ6SRAZKWW/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OWMJXHPMDJOEN6O4RZ6SRAZKWW/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:OWMJXHPMDJOEN6O4RZ6SRAZKWW","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"af7116181bf7991f3e8bd85f344212e6f8ec3f46189d87fe6241689a6db8fe3b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2018-05-22T18:15:27Z","title_canon_sha256":"24ca6376d8c14c3e9f40c5b47d7583dd6d8c213f56e8c0411cd9d38db7393369"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1805.08803","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1805.08803","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1805.08803v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1805.08803","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OWMJXHPMDJOE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OWMJXHPMDJOEN6O4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OWMJXHPM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:43Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:cc40fd32404980406bc74b5bc67ef1ed62474c60dbb709045ee2d1fd60cb7e38","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"When two graphene layers are rotated from AA or AB configuration by a small angle, the band structure changes dramatically. Numerical calculations have shown that, at certain discrete angles called magic angles, the low energy bands become flat leading to localization of electrons. The origin of this strange behavior, however, is not well understood. Here, I propose a theory that offers an understanding of the phenomenon, focusing on the first magic angle. It is shown that coupling between the layers, in addition to renormalizing the Dirac velocity, introduces higher order momentum terms in th","authors_text":"Hridis K. Pal","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2018-05-22T18:15:27Z","title":"On magic angles and band flattening in twisted bilayer graphene"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1805.08803","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e54f9506714adddb34dfe1db3b11d54fcc913bbac02ef0b60ab0fd2856a0445e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"af7116181bf7991f3e8bd85f344212e6f8ec3f46189d87fe6241689a6db8fe3b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2018-05-22T18:15:27Z","title_canon_sha256":"24ca6376d8c14c3e9f40c5b47d7583dd6d8c213f56e8c0411cd9d38db7393369"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1805.08803","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"75989b9dec1a5c46f9dc8e7d28832ab58cc6150a6210ee210869603d431fe21a","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"75989b9dec1a5c46f9dc8e7d28832ab58cc6150a6210ee210869603d431fe21a","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:09.397865Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:09.397865Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Wy65Ypxk/2Vqtt+7NeFnobRAWtDJ3N7K6h+T/3WerRGKadyBfQ8gbWzvZvlM9u7wrUcIB0FIj7aBCldXV5MDDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:09.398308Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1805.08803","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e54f9506714adddb34dfe1db3b11d54fcc913bbac02ef0b60ab0fd2856a0445e","sha256:cc40fd32404980406bc74b5bc67ef1ed62474c60dbb709045ee2d1fd60cb7e38"],"state_sha256":"86cd541bcedd5e3ac760c60592057d62528ce20ceb2bbb979070bbd7ea749ae2"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"umJoPoHjiNna8o6pyfJuPp81vr9eteDaQ3Goir4sfGmSmPuW3kC2wjo/MysLynlT1V4PSKCeH3kCWPOA90oKCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-30T20:00:24.413792Z","bundle_sha256":"64285840d1b647b8f26fdca39af7c6dc881bc171d48e00f5db533825cd76072e"}}