{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:PII4BO23HVOM5I2PQ6SUHSYLMK","short_pith_number":"pith:PII4BO23","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1804.06721","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"econ.EM","submitted_at":"2018-04-18T13:42:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"90ddd62587cb6f8dcad65c3f2b43aac632d38627fa554c7475af14af2821be7a","abstract_canon_sha256":"a9d0bcd64f69841d02e3ec1e4d4672a033a59b9b419e8bf5e384eb89dc419f4b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7a11c0bb5b3d5ccea34f87a543cb0b62b88e009df938e4ca9833d93368160a77","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1804.06721","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1804.06721","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1804.06721v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1804.06721","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PII4BO23HVOM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PII4BO23HVOM5I2P","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PII4BO23","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:43Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:PII4BO23HVOM5I2PQ6SUHSYLMK","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1804.06721","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"econ.EM","submitted_at":"2018-04-18T13:42:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"90ddd62587cb6f8dcad65c3f2b43aac632d38627fa554c7475af14af2821be7a","abstract_canon_sha256":"a9d0bcd64f69841d02e3ec1e4d4672a033a59b9b419e8bf5e384eb89dc419f4b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7a11c0bb5b3d5ccea34f87a543cb0b62b88e009df938e4ca9833d93368160a77","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:05.891364Z","signature_b64":"x1Bn2QIgsckwFk4Jhw8JvgE+eOUHUg//0kjbu5H9Zvy/OiEZpBO9HTzihylOEyIlibBZJSFh5TEhQ9TMCT1nBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7a11c0bb5b3d5ccea34f87a543cb0b62b88e009df938e4ca9833d93368160a77","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:05.890627Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:05.890627Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1804.06721","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:05Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"TxlLgnKBrCD7Rc8M/TxYFbtGLJmNxxO0iM8WWizAeEn8UXAwsrX+XS8/MC66lCZKfaruZo9djl7Ifr2mRmugAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-27T00:14:17.067990Z"},"content_sha256":"6c21b0c4aeec7c05cb6c7dec7a119849e90c97cdae9f6e39c1b44680bc69f08b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6c21b0c4aeec7c05cb6c7dec7a119849e90c97cdae9f6e39c1b44680bc69f08b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:PII4BO23HVOM5I2PQ6SUHSYLMK","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Estimating Treatment Effects in Mover Designs","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"econ.EM","authors_text":"Peter Hull","submitted_at":"2018-04-18T13:42:55Z","abstract_excerpt":"Researchers increasingly leverage movement across multiple treatments to estimate causal effects. While these \"mover regressions\" are often motivated by a linear constant-effects model, it is not clear what they capture under weaker quasi-experimental assumptions. I show that binary treatment mover regressions recover a convex average of four difference-in-difference comparisons and are thus causally interpretable under a standard parallel trends assumption. Estimates from multiple-treatment models, however, need not be causal without stronger restrictions on the heterogeneity of treatment eff"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1804.06721","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:05Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6BBRWRatUS8CUK+YRKyAfZOX1IZrBzsa91GuJ5b1Ox2pi4PCaIcSDRRjxFdke3PlnBqQoUtiRg5zn8sowI0fCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-27T00:14:17.068341Z"},"content_sha256":"34952859fa0a31bb9c0c1ccabdf39cadf7dfa85af5aff63837173d6d31432b69","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:34952859fa0a31bb9c0c1ccabdf39cadf7dfa85af5aff63837173d6d31432b69"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PII4BO23HVOM5I2PQ6SUHSYLMK/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PII4BO23HVOM5I2PQ6SUHSYLMK/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PII4BO23HVOM5I2PQ6SUHSYLMK/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-27T00:14:17Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/PII4BO23HVOM5I2PQ6SUHSYLMK","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/PII4BO23HVOM5I2PQ6SUHSYLMK/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/PII4BO23HVOM5I2PQ6SUHSYLMK/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PII4BO23HVOM5I2PQ6SUHSYLMK/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:PII4BO23HVOM5I2PQ6SUHSYLMK","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a9d0bcd64f69841d02e3ec1e4d4672a033a59b9b419e8bf5e384eb89dc419f4b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"econ.EM","submitted_at":"2018-04-18T13:42:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"90ddd62587cb6f8dcad65c3f2b43aac632d38627fa554c7475af14af2821be7a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1804.06721","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1804.06721","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1804.06721v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1804.06721","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PII4BO23HVOM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PII4BO23HVOM5I2P","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PII4BO23","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:43Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:34952859fa0a31bb9c0c1ccabdf39cadf7dfa85af5aff63837173d6d31432b69","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:05Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Researchers increasingly leverage movement across multiple treatments to estimate causal effects. While these \"mover regressions\" are often motivated by a linear constant-effects model, it is not clear what they capture under weaker quasi-experimental assumptions. I show that binary treatment mover regressions recover a convex average of four difference-in-difference comparisons and are thus causally interpretable under a standard parallel trends assumption. Estimates from multiple-treatment models, however, need not be causal without stronger restrictions on the heterogeneity of treatment eff","authors_text":"Peter Hull","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"econ.EM","submitted_at":"2018-04-18T13:42:55Z","title":"Estimating Treatment Effects in Mover Designs"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1804.06721","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:6c21b0c4aeec7c05cb6c7dec7a119849e90c97cdae9f6e39c1b44680bc69f08b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:05Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a9d0bcd64f69841d02e3ec1e4d4672a033a59b9b419e8bf5e384eb89dc419f4b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"econ.EM","submitted_at":"2018-04-18T13:42:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"90ddd62587cb6f8dcad65c3f2b43aac632d38627fa554c7475af14af2821be7a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1804.06721","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"7a11c0bb5b3d5ccea34f87a543cb0b62b88e009df938e4ca9833d93368160a77","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7a11c0bb5b3d5ccea34f87a543cb0b62b88e009df938e4ca9833d93368160a77","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:05.890627Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:05.890627Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"x1Bn2QIgsckwFk4Jhw8JvgE+eOUHUg//0kjbu5H9Zvy/OiEZpBO9HTzihylOEyIlibBZJSFh5TEhQ9TMCT1nBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:05.891364Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1804.06721","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:6c21b0c4aeec7c05cb6c7dec7a119849e90c97cdae9f6e39c1b44680bc69f08b","sha256:34952859fa0a31bb9c0c1ccabdf39cadf7dfa85af5aff63837173d6d31432b69"],"state_sha256":"4aa0a67e23bd0d1a1d67c12b4dba6033bdd41b7c517231692ce303ffafd5f99f"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9QC+RdpFQ0Zy35GK/Losm6v3niJXOk0tD3l+Z3hiT9BzP55I9SCr01z3cMbSJK7IWwQKiCBG9k14nfFrgab/AQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-27T00:14:17.070252Z","bundle_sha256":"39680a287c7652c8359cece4a6b1ff082ad75cfb7dcdb6737f5bb715d846819a"}}