{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:PMJUOUPEDQ6HY3KLMFV5KG3GOQ","short_pith_number":"pith:PMJUOUPE","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1601.05393","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2016-01-20T20:02:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"57cc696860cd5059e701c6f44ce9b460596dbe5b5e5c13f6a45b8179fbf3df6b","abstract_canon_sha256":"c1c9b45c8941ce07f316f0ddf903fef0a320f6b808a37d64291c39b63589d246"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7b134751e41c3c7c6d4b616bd51b667417d156ced69578bff1c781e858cb031e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1601.05393","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1601.05393","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1601.05393v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1601.05393","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PMJUOUPEDQ6H","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PMJUOUPEDQ6HY3KL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PMJUOUPE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:39Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:PMJUOUPEDQ6HY3KLMFV5KG3GOQ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1601.05393","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2016-01-20T20:02:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"57cc696860cd5059e701c6f44ce9b460596dbe5b5e5c13f6a45b8179fbf3df6b","abstract_canon_sha256":"c1c9b45c8941ce07f316f0ddf903fef0a320f6b808a37d64291c39b63589d246"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7b134751e41c3c7c6d4b616bd51b667417d156ced69578bff1c781e858cb031e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:15.266004Z","signature_b64":"td2qTEfdIoDtcnHFFtIvHKbbuR7Xffqo9QwAmQmhmPQZBbTTkVuMk7dc3WyHH3Rn2DATzkjo472Mc+V2xhG5CQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7b134751e41c3c7c6d4b616bd51b667417d156ced69578bff1c781e858cb031e","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:15.265153Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:15.265153Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1601.05393","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"bZEcRm4BYeBiHWR9WnLC1PMl/c89jElTc4kcISJsg/BG0cil4bu1rU7bK6gNpAqbNqznnY46f4HoqFNBzTSCBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-21T07:46:20.169176Z"},"content_sha256":"246f2a63837721b9a2923837a4c4747566f72d1c32726f12c14dbe157e81a167","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:246f2a63837721b9a2923837a4c4747566f72d1c32726f12c14dbe157e81a167"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:PMJUOUPEDQ6HY3KLMFV5KG3GOQ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Why do Collapsed Carbon Nanotubes Twist?","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","authors_text":"Aiming Yan, Alex Zettl, Claudia Ojeda-Aristizabal, Eduardo Gracia-Espino, Gabriel Dunn, Hamid Reza Barzegar, Marvin L. Cohen, Sinisa Coh, Steven G. Louie, Thomas Wagberg","submitted_at":"2016-01-20T20:02:00Z","abstract_excerpt":"We study the collapsing and subsequent spontaneous twisting of a carbon nanotube by in-situ transmission electron microscopy. A custom-sized nanotube is first created in the microscope by selectively extracting shells from a parent multi-wall tube. The few-wall, large-diameter daughter nanotube is driven to collapse via mechanical stimulation, after which the ribbon-like collapsed tube spontaneously twists along its long axis. In-situ diffraction experiments fully characterize the uncollapsed and collapsed tubes. From the experimental observations and associated theoretical analysis, the origi"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1601.05393","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qXt3xvf8pcQDMQZ4FFmrZxuq3lqbzyfZkCmfhS78asu5NakPxwXzyrgJjB0FtDLm14KnfRylDOwUriUceVeiCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-21T07:46:20.169544Z"},"content_sha256":"3f162e1f5846d680773d8d652d1e25784fda3b4f92a8090a6951a42addb955b2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3f162e1f5846d680773d8d652d1e25784fda3b4f92a8090a6951a42addb955b2"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PMJUOUPEDQ6HY3KLMFV5KG3GOQ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PMJUOUPEDQ6HY3KLMFV5KG3GOQ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PMJUOUPEDQ6HY3KLMFV5KG3GOQ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-21T07:46:20Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/PMJUOUPEDQ6HY3KLMFV5KG3GOQ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/PMJUOUPEDQ6HY3KLMFV5KG3GOQ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/PMJUOUPEDQ6HY3KLMFV5KG3GOQ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PMJUOUPEDQ6HY3KLMFV5KG3GOQ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:PMJUOUPEDQ6HY3KLMFV5KG3GOQ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c1c9b45c8941ce07f316f0ddf903fef0a320f6b808a37d64291c39b63589d246","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2016-01-20T20:02:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"57cc696860cd5059e701c6f44ce9b460596dbe5b5e5c13f6a45b8179fbf3df6b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1601.05393","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1601.05393","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1601.05393v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1601.05393","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PMJUOUPEDQ6H","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PMJUOUPEDQ6HY3KL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PMJUOUPE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:39Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:3f162e1f5846d680773d8d652d1e25784fda3b4f92a8090a6951a42addb955b2","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We study the collapsing and subsequent spontaneous twisting of a carbon nanotube by in-situ transmission electron microscopy. A custom-sized nanotube is first created in the microscope by selectively extracting shells from a parent multi-wall tube. The few-wall, large-diameter daughter nanotube is driven to collapse via mechanical stimulation, after which the ribbon-like collapsed tube spontaneously twists along its long axis. In-situ diffraction experiments fully characterize the uncollapsed and collapsed tubes. From the experimental observations and associated theoretical analysis, the origi","authors_text":"Aiming Yan, Alex Zettl, Claudia Ojeda-Aristizabal, Eduardo Gracia-Espino, Gabriel Dunn, Hamid Reza Barzegar, Marvin L. Cohen, Sinisa Coh, Steven G. Louie, Thomas Wagberg","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2016-01-20T20:02:00Z","title":"Why do Collapsed Carbon Nanotubes Twist?"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1601.05393","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:246f2a63837721b9a2923837a4c4747566f72d1c32726f12c14dbe157e81a167","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c1c9b45c8941ce07f316f0ddf903fef0a320f6b808a37d64291c39b63589d246","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2016-01-20T20:02:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"57cc696860cd5059e701c6f44ce9b460596dbe5b5e5c13f6a45b8179fbf3df6b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1601.05393","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"7b134751e41c3c7c6d4b616bd51b667417d156ced69578bff1c781e858cb031e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7b134751e41c3c7c6d4b616bd51b667417d156ced69578bff1c781e858cb031e","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:15.265153Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:15.265153Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"td2qTEfdIoDtcnHFFtIvHKbbuR7Xffqo9QwAmQmhmPQZBbTTkVuMk7dc3WyHH3Rn2DATzkjo472Mc+V2xhG5CQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:15.266004Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1601.05393","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:246f2a63837721b9a2923837a4c4747566f72d1c32726f12c14dbe157e81a167","sha256:3f162e1f5846d680773d8d652d1e25784fda3b4f92a8090a6951a42addb955b2"],"state_sha256":"9f082cc5a69bb4b9388c9762e67e5d45a406f6c45e99ee97756119055c531b11"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"OSTjfgSIqQqm1IA8MZZ7jIvXWAbVzskD0UR8f4GNcW5m1MJc+W2Krnva8NTnCC9jV45SOUJ5Xu0XbWEPsMRnCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-21T07:46:20.171463Z","bundle_sha256":"eca98af7f61e7e0ff6f6b12f406cda0df27fa51ceade214c683ac1309ff4aa84"}}