{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:PP4U4ICHOYAQCIQHUIVELAPIUO","short_pith_number":"pith:PP4U4ICH","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2007.07610","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2020-07-15T11:05:33Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"title_canon_sha256":"bd5f30b6a28ab9da0d6c120f9f669a13b61a4076845a08969ad566d1530de79e","abstract_canon_sha256":"7a2cb581cd66a3e2ee26af701546e80bcdf152924e90e85349917ba301837c7e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7bf94e20477601012207a22a4581e8a392f0f55a1b1d665fbc76b50d73b12cb7","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2007.07610","version":5},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2007.07610","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:00:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2007.07610v5","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:00:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2007.07610","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:00:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PP4U4ICHOYAQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:00:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PP4U4ICHOYAQCIQH","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:00:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PP4U4ICH","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:00:12Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:PP4U4ICHOYAQCIQHUIVELAPIUO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2007.07610","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2020-07-15T11:05:33Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"title_canon_sha256":"bd5f30b6a28ab9da0d6c120f9f669a13b61a4076845a08969ad566d1530de79e","abstract_canon_sha256":"7a2cb581cd66a3e2ee26af701546e80bcdf152924e90e85349917ba301837c7e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7bf94e20477601012207a22a4581e8a392f0f55a1b1d665fbc76b50d73b12cb7","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:00:12.137732Z","signature_b64":"A7UxhqmarkmeJBTvrpH3fZdttHUtftUPXfiB1fnFxbHi+WDJvqX8Qw1c2yAtLNfHzJuQLbfcW1qyqMpaMw/RAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7bf94e20477601012207a22a4581e8a392f0f55a1b1d665fbc76b50d73b12cb7","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:00:12.137268Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:00:12.137268Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2007.07610","source_version":5,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:00:12Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vmY2M9Rk8PrTKKvLPCck71xwmThD4Um8nm8CALl+XuK+5IVzP5eNNEz/uuFa1jVZXvgz2QIEi1qpRtOl5qF+BA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T13:47:13.976082Z"},"content_sha256":"8aaf3efc68ad7717e55b94e0b804869e641120005e6dd9a25812e373b291c87f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8aaf3efc68ad7717e55b94e0b804869e641120005e6dd9a25812e373b291c87f"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:PP4U4ICHOYAQCIQHUIVELAPIUO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Green Algorithms: Quantifying the carbon footprint of computation","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.DC"],"primary_cat":"cs.CY","authors_text":"Jason Grealey, Lo\\\"ic Lannelongue, Michael Inouye","submitted_at":"2020-07-15T11:05:33Z","abstract_excerpt":"Climate change is profoundly affecting nearly all aspects of life on earth, including human societies, economies and health. Various human activities are responsible for significant greenhouse gas emissions, including data centres and other sources of large-scale computation. Although many important scientific milestones have been achieved thanks to the development of high-performance computing, the resultant environmental impact has been underappreciated. In this paper, we present a methodological framework to estimate the carbon footprint of any computational task in a standardised and relia"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2007.07610","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2007.07610/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:00:12Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qIhmS1y2BZI5RwLOzGKztDjtNmZyx8c2xOq2oRmyXgoM6Yag8omWNTZQxx1bNorT2GYcmkq5N08BzG1zSrtDBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T13:47:13.976482Z"},"content_sha256":"fe169c3a4a021270383239043ebafa8cca3b06c6b7768a6472b059ff1b458bc8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fe169c3a4a021270383239043ebafa8cca3b06c6b7768a6472b059ff1b458bc8"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PP4U4ICHOYAQCIQHUIVELAPIUO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PP4U4ICHOYAQCIQHUIVELAPIUO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PP4U4ICHOYAQCIQHUIVELAPIUO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-06T13:47:13Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/PP4U4ICHOYAQCIQHUIVELAPIUO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/PP4U4ICHOYAQCIQHUIVELAPIUO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/PP4U4ICHOYAQCIQHUIVELAPIUO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PP4U4ICHOYAQCIQHUIVELAPIUO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:PP4U4ICHOYAQCIQHUIVELAPIUO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7a2cb581cd66a3e2ee26af701546e80bcdf152924e90e85349917ba301837c7e","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2020-07-15T11:05:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"bd5f30b6a28ab9da0d6c120f9f669a13b61a4076845a08969ad566d1530de79e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2007.07610","kind":"arxiv","version":5}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2007.07610","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:00:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2007.07610v5","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:00:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2007.07610","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:00:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PP4U4ICHOYAQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:00:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PP4U4ICHOYAQCIQH","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:00:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PP4U4ICH","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:00:12Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:fe169c3a4a021270383239043ebafa8cca3b06c6b7768a6472b059ff1b458bc8","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:00:12Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2007.07610/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Climate change is profoundly affecting nearly all aspects of life on earth, including human societies, economies and health. Various human activities are responsible for significant greenhouse gas emissions, including data centres and other sources of large-scale computation. Although many important scientific milestones have been achieved thanks to the development of high-performance computing, the resultant environmental impact has been underappreciated. In this paper, we present a methodological framework to estimate the carbon footprint of any computational task in a standardised and relia","authors_text":"Jason Grealey, Lo\\\"ic Lannelongue, Michael Inouye","cross_cats":["cs.DC"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2020-07-15T11:05:33Z","title":"Green Algorithms: Quantifying the carbon footprint of computation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2007.07610","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:8aaf3efc68ad7717e55b94e0b804869e641120005e6dd9a25812e373b291c87f","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:00:12Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7a2cb581cd66a3e2ee26af701546e80bcdf152924e90e85349917ba301837c7e","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2020-07-15T11:05:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"bd5f30b6a28ab9da0d6c120f9f669a13b61a4076845a08969ad566d1530de79e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2007.07610","kind":"arxiv","version":5}},"canonical_sha256":"7bf94e20477601012207a22a4581e8a392f0f55a1b1d665fbc76b50d73b12cb7","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7bf94e20477601012207a22a4581e8a392f0f55a1b1d665fbc76b50d73b12cb7","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:00:12.137268Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:00:12.137268Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"A7UxhqmarkmeJBTvrpH3fZdttHUtftUPXfiB1fnFxbHi+WDJvqX8Qw1c2yAtLNfHzJuQLbfcW1qyqMpaMw/RAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:00:12.137732Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2007.07610","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":5}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:8aaf3efc68ad7717e55b94e0b804869e641120005e6dd9a25812e373b291c87f","sha256:fe169c3a4a021270383239043ebafa8cca3b06c6b7768a6472b059ff1b458bc8"],"state_sha256":"7a8d203fe392720c7f9166a00a451892a5ee3676d1b3b4548588a41086cbf541"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"kOImkRqW6ZHw5+b79/NGbRtEPd+70Bn2Si9N0Wp/s7fe263loXcUc0zJlnnvNxfGNUSIrqR/SFwPlZFsP1pAAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T13:47:13.978435Z","bundle_sha256":"f74370f27815e69d18de404e7196b1b6760509a403e81b94e9cb416a69f6db04"}}