{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:PQ6WDR46EO2XLJ7OG2MSSJXVRR","short_pith_number":"pith:PQ6WDR46","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1408.5704","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2014-08-25T09:40:29Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mes-hall","physics.optics"],"title_canon_sha256":"5d601a272dd11935c2e396a5e9612cc3765105e1bfe8635ee92208b175ad3aed","abstract_canon_sha256":"eab8a0cd77152de39b11ebf88d7560526d0e1b19ea874f01e9788d2f330737d6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7c3d61c79e23b575a7ee36992926f58c4401f88a1ec72a296c888444bae9ae15","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1408.5704","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1408.5704","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:44:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1408.5704v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:44:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1408.5704","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:44:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PQ6WDR46EO2X","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PQ6WDR46EO2XLJ7O","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PQ6WDR46","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:43Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:PQ6WDR46EO2XLJ7OG2MSSJXVRR","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1408.5704","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2014-08-25T09:40:29Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mes-hall","physics.optics"],"title_canon_sha256":"5d601a272dd11935c2e396a5e9612cc3765105e1bfe8635ee92208b175ad3aed","abstract_canon_sha256":"eab8a0cd77152de39b11ebf88d7560526d0e1b19ea874f01e9788d2f330737d6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7c3d61c79e23b575a7ee36992926f58c4401f88a1ec72a296c888444bae9ae15","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:44:24.364181Z","signature_b64":"Md8s6+DcIM1cmL+2zrrjB+RIZxA+DPeeZKqk4TqkLJaPCHOAP9L3CM4id3M/bn3FoWN6EFSbP+ed1zD23as7CA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7c3d61c79e23b575a7ee36992926f58c4401f88a1ec72a296c888444bae9ae15","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:44:24.363769Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:44:24.363769Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1408.5704","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:44:24Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"1Lylx81ReGXxw6fhPEK1WbtBIUuMx1gMn9yEUZ4cLxBGhCH8KXmI+QWDHkF2LATWoevjXV5dxCDHizcSFGQlAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T00:18:15.246473Z"},"content_sha256":"ca2c3793d2b0277bfbd6f1b945736b321937ae5e1332b78e9b0005a531b4af26","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ca2c3793d2b0277bfbd6f1b945736b321937ae5e1332b78e9b0005a531b4af26"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:PQ6WDR46EO2XLJ7OG2MSSJXVRR","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Graphene defect formation by extreme ultraviolet generated photoelectrons","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.mes-hall","physics.optics"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","authors_text":"A. Gao, C. J. Lee, F. Bijkerk","submitted_at":"2014-08-25T09:40:29Z","abstract_excerpt":"We have studied the effect of photoelectrons on defect formation in graphene during extreme ultraviolet (EUV) irradiation. Assuming the major role of these low energy electrons, we have mimicked the process by using low energy primary electrons. Graphene is irradiated by an electron beam with energy lower than 80 eV. After e-beam irradiation, it is found that the D peak, I(D), appears in the Raman spectrum, indicating defect formation in graphene. The evolution of I(D)/I(G) follows the amorphization trajectory with increasing irradiation dose, indicating that graphene goes through a transforma"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1408.5704","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:44:24Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pjh6lVD2sD/gSKzzwsvuZ0NKR7phpXKMJ8poJbuQ/wCxWhePBM5q2REqdRADBQXLXGWU/TZsh8pKtAyLR8TTAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T00:18:15.246819Z"},"content_sha256":"730e2d086b2fc4e96c8a102f4452ce73eb93b64d5a2202394023453736719f3d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:730e2d086b2fc4e96c8a102f4452ce73eb93b64d5a2202394023453736719f3d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PQ6WDR46EO2XLJ7OG2MSSJXVRR/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PQ6WDR46EO2XLJ7OG2MSSJXVRR/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PQ6WDR46EO2XLJ7OG2MSSJXVRR/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-05T00:18:15Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/PQ6WDR46EO2XLJ7OG2MSSJXVRR","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/PQ6WDR46EO2XLJ7OG2MSSJXVRR/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/PQ6WDR46EO2XLJ7OG2MSSJXVRR/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PQ6WDR46EO2XLJ7OG2MSSJXVRR/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:PQ6WDR46EO2XLJ7OG2MSSJXVRR","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"eab8a0cd77152de39b11ebf88d7560526d0e1b19ea874f01e9788d2f330737d6","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mes-hall","physics.optics"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2014-08-25T09:40:29Z","title_canon_sha256":"5d601a272dd11935c2e396a5e9612cc3765105e1bfe8635ee92208b175ad3aed"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1408.5704","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1408.5704","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:44:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1408.5704v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:44:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1408.5704","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:44:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PQ6WDR46EO2X","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PQ6WDR46EO2XLJ7O","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PQ6WDR46","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:43Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:730e2d086b2fc4e96c8a102f4452ce73eb93b64d5a2202394023453736719f3d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:44:24Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We have studied the effect of photoelectrons on defect formation in graphene during extreme ultraviolet (EUV) irradiation. Assuming the major role of these low energy electrons, we have mimicked the process by using low energy primary electrons. Graphene is irradiated by an electron beam with energy lower than 80 eV. After e-beam irradiation, it is found that the D peak, I(D), appears in the Raman spectrum, indicating defect formation in graphene. The evolution of I(D)/I(G) follows the amorphization trajectory with increasing irradiation dose, indicating that graphene goes through a transforma","authors_text":"A. Gao, C. J. Lee, F. Bijkerk","cross_cats":["cond-mat.mes-hall","physics.optics"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2014-08-25T09:40:29Z","title":"Graphene defect formation by extreme ultraviolet generated photoelectrons"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1408.5704","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ca2c3793d2b0277bfbd6f1b945736b321937ae5e1332b78e9b0005a531b4af26","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:44:24Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"eab8a0cd77152de39b11ebf88d7560526d0e1b19ea874f01e9788d2f330737d6","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mes-hall","physics.optics"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2014-08-25T09:40:29Z","title_canon_sha256":"5d601a272dd11935c2e396a5e9612cc3765105e1bfe8635ee92208b175ad3aed"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1408.5704","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"7c3d61c79e23b575a7ee36992926f58c4401f88a1ec72a296c888444bae9ae15","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7c3d61c79e23b575a7ee36992926f58c4401f88a1ec72a296c888444bae9ae15","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:44:24.363769Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:44:24.363769Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Md8s6+DcIM1cmL+2zrrjB+RIZxA+DPeeZKqk4TqkLJaPCHOAP9L3CM4id3M/bn3FoWN6EFSbP+ed1zD23as7CA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:44:24.364181Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1408.5704","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ca2c3793d2b0277bfbd6f1b945736b321937ae5e1332b78e9b0005a531b4af26","sha256:730e2d086b2fc4e96c8a102f4452ce73eb93b64d5a2202394023453736719f3d"],"state_sha256":"e4387b9d61e2340b5f3265edbb1bc2e8c5111c7b8a831157695c7c9253bd96a3"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6ptbItP0QzajtD5Kr37Wu/+SoRhYaVoRnRwqIfrS+N8wy+G9b3rKT5tfKI5+YD6IYnGLh91b+MHdeE2lZBTJBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T00:18:15.249172Z","bundle_sha256":"3c7d614c1c8fe45a5a27e2624ac4d0a183e218f9603c805343881b0482290d83"}}