{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:PS2RV5BY6MR3PTQA2DGPNTRSII","short_pith_number":"pith:PS2RV5BY","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1301.4445","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2013-01-18T17:42:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE"],"title_canon_sha256":"496866b75bb2a02617afd7ca44c211e3097b481d4b6bfb44637c47dbe811e2c3","abstract_canon_sha256":"9993b994d28083a88da2176c33ab6e62a84be6a98b302adb486880bb2feb95ab"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7cb51af438f323b7ce00d0ccf6ce32421bf2ac5cd27a9cdbea900f6be27268ad","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1301.4445","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1301.4445","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1301.4445v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1301.4445","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PS2RV5BY6MR3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PS2RV5BY6MR3PTQA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PS2RV5BY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:54Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:PS2RV5BY6MR3PTQA2DGPNTRSII","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1301.4445","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2013-01-18T17:42:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE"],"title_canon_sha256":"496866b75bb2a02617afd7ca44c211e3097b481d4b6bfb44637c47dbe811e2c3","abstract_canon_sha256":"9993b994d28083a88da2176c33ab6e62a84be6a98b302adb486880bb2feb95ab"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7cb51af438f323b7ce00d0ccf6ce32421bf2ac5cd27a9cdbea900f6be27268ad","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:05.771153Z","signature_b64":"XgbGGaduJoOEKGGZ2eInKsG5F2jpi0hpnoABmg8vpYX62K08DNDFdJlpXa9A7LVb2XMaQYcguoI2H/lQy9khAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7cb51af438f323b7ce00d0ccf6ce32421bf2ac5cd27a9cdbea900f6be27268ad","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:05.770525Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:05.770525Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1301.4445","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:05Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Zyp7lnGJXW/fDPhyZA9h4wy7kWDIWs5xJiAmcfZiSx8WuRNLvjqu/612pMR/KJF60jUWGJkV0VhcxuaJNfE2Cw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-29T05:28:14.888732Z"},"content_sha256":"5e3703494009be3510b68ae8282d61d8e5af7f76aa2de6e2653ded7eb57e49d7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5e3703494009be3510b68ae8282d61d8e5af7f76aa2de6e2653ded7eb57e49d7"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:PS2RV5BY6MR3PTQA2DGPNTRSII","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Cosmic Ray Heating of the Warm Ionized Medium","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"Ellen G. Zweibel, Joshua Wiener, S. Peng Oh","submitted_at":"2013-01-18T17:42:30Z","abstract_excerpt":"Observations of line ratios in the Milky Way's warm ionized medium (WIM) suggest that photoionization is not the only heating mechanism present. For the additional heating to explain the discrepancy it would have to have a weaker dependence on the gas density than the cooling rate, $\\Lambda n_e^2$. \\cite{reynolds99} suggested turbulent dissipation or magnetic field reconnection as possible heating sources. We investigate here the viability of MHD-wave mediated cosmic ray heating as a supplemental heating source. This heating rate depends on the gas density only through its linear dependence on"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1301.4445","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:05Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"QyXjD+B2eS4SnUjD5BMY328MAE/B07YBruUQ6KanvHzv3FBvMCe/bg3taKan9Y/iuZ8NjzfAWnLckP5gIfyBBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-29T05:28:14.889068Z"},"content_sha256":"ac30fc64bd8efca0108c066637b0771809f6dae88f9db0dba82ac7286f3f27ef","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ac30fc64bd8efca0108c066637b0771809f6dae88f9db0dba82ac7286f3f27ef"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PS2RV5BY6MR3PTQA2DGPNTRSII/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PS2RV5BY6MR3PTQA2DGPNTRSII/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PS2RV5BY6MR3PTQA2DGPNTRSII/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-29T05:28:14Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/PS2RV5BY6MR3PTQA2DGPNTRSII","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/PS2RV5BY6MR3PTQA2DGPNTRSII/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/PS2RV5BY6MR3PTQA2DGPNTRSII/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PS2RV5BY6MR3PTQA2DGPNTRSII/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:PS2RV5BY6MR3PTQA2DGPNTRSII","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9993b994d28083a88da2176c33ab6e62a84be6a98b302adb486880bb2feb95ab","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2013-01-18T17:42:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"496866b75bb2a02617afd7ca44c211e3097b481d4b6bfb44637c47dbe811e2c3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1301.4445","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1301.4445","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1301.4445v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1301.4445","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PS2RV5BY6MR3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PS2RV5BY6MR3PTQA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PS2RV5BY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:54Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ac30fc64bd8efca0108c066637b0771809f6dae88f9db0dba82ac7286f3f27ef","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:05Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Observations of line ratios in the Milky Way's warm ionized medium (WIM) suggest that photoionization is not the only heating mechanism present. For the additional heating to explain the discrepancy it would have to have a weaker dependence on the gas density than the cooling rate, $\\Lambda n_e^2$. \\cite{reynolds99} suggested turbulent dissipation or magnetic field reconnection as possible heating sources. We investigate here the viability of MHD-wave mediated cosmic ray heating as a supplemental heating source. This heating rate depends on the gas density only through its linear dependence on","authors_text":"Ellen G. Zweibel, Joshua Wiener, S. Peng Oh","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2013-01-18T17:42:30Z","title":"Cosmic Ray Heating of the Warm Ionized Medium"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1301.4445","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5e3703494009be3510b68ae8282d61d8e5af7f76aa2de6e2653ded7eb57e49d7","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:05Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9993b994d28083a88da2176c33ab6e62a84be6a98b302adb486880bb2feb95ab","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2013-01-18T17:42:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"496866b75bb2a02617afd7ca44c211e3097b481d4b6bfb44637c47dbe811e2c3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1301.4445","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"7cb51af438f323b7ce00d0ccf6ce32421bf2ac5cd27a9cdbea900f6be27268ad","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7cb51af438f323b7ce00d0ccf6ce32421bf2ac5cd27a9cdbea900f6be27268ad","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:05.770525Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:05.770525Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"XgbGGaduJoOEKGGZ2eInKsG5F2jpi0hpnoABmg8vpYX62K08DNDFdJlpXa9A7LVb2XMaQYcguoI2H/lQy9khAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:52:05.771153Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1301.4445","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5e3703494009be3510b68ae8282d61d8e5af7f76aa2de6e2653ded7eb57e49d7","sha256:ac30fc64bd8efca0108c066637b0771809f6dae88f9db0dba82ac7286f3f27ef"],"state_sha256":"b1d5edea3a6d672b25254023736f7811b82be000033852c91a335357911e612f"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"AmjqMZywbTL61yZVrINCtiM86MPIhLNOAwo5h9MtncdszK/k4wcRR0M2qKo27lVp+5dyzyNu2vvNYOEuQfC1Dw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-29T05:28:14.890872Z","bundle_sha256":"bc52b83d551da808441c97b764a2c62cb532be532ba374ca635dba3d565690e4"}}