{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:QCMIQU5CB5JESBVV3D4EWTRWR5","short_pith_number":"pith:QCMIQU5C","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1404.1220","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2014-04-04T11:41:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"117c068693a0396baf38dcba67390a92e6ae28026597854d9ba9fb4ce1bce3d5","abstract_canon_sha256":"9176393f6660bc9e4b2a85ff17cc27a9023c572347b4974ae22c512ebb8daa62"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"80988853a20f524906b5d8f84b4e368f4accab27b9d409caed62baf563e9ecb6","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1404.1220","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1404.1220","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:14:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1404.1220v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:14:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1404.1220","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:14:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QCMIQU5CB5JE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QCMIQU5CB5JESBVV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QCMIQU5C","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:43Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:QCMIQU5CB5JESBVV3D4EWTRWR5","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1404.1220","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2014-04-04T11:41:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"117c068693a0396baf38dcba67390a92e6ae28026597854d9ba9fb4ce1bce3d5","abstract_canon_sha256":"9176393f6660bc9e4b2a85ff17cc27a9023c572347b4974ae22c512ebb8daa62"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"80988853a20f524906b5d8f84b4e368f4accab27b9d409caed62baf563e9ecb6","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:14:53.536658Z","signature_b64":"JrfkjXTBKWRFJSBmSSgxDY+GzjdAJHzsYkxP0A2Ceg4Ib6oNnzqLkDEzra5uPefaBWjrsEHJcXbT0+TrsxmyDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"80988853a20f524906b5d8f84b4e368f4accab27b9d409caed62baf563e9ecb6","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:14:53.536140Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:14:53.536140Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1404.1220","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:14:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pD2R/U1mCHGqDqGYGuvjY60IB5QnsSMZ+rBZHTMnI4GSvL5xyRktYsCdSo5iSFf8v2+yp4iumf2oBtvdcqOPCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-11T13:32:23.060616Z"},"content_sha256":"784bc6e0900b6ebb3e6aa36e56c00959bf0e4d9bcdd8043cf462b3a6c6a4169d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:784bc6e0900b6ebb3e6aa36e56c00959bf0e4d9bcdd8043cf462b3a6c6a4169d"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:QCMIQU5CB5JESBVV3D4EWTRWR5","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Irreversible Thermodynamics of the Universe: Constraints from Planck Data","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Atreyee Biswas, Subenoy Chakraborty, Subhajit Saha","submitted_at":"2014-04-04T11:41:30Z","abstract_excerpt":"The present work deals with irreversible Universal thermodynamics. The homogenous and isotropic flat model of the universe is chosen as open thermodynamical system and non-equilibrium thermodynamics comes into picture due to the mechanism of particle creation. For simplicity, entropy flow is considered only due to heat conduction. Further, due to Maxwell-Cattaneo modified Fourier law for non-equilibrium phenomenon, the temperature satisfies damped wave equation instead of heat conduction equation. Validity of generalized second law of thermodynamics (GSLT) has been investigated for Universe bo"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1404.1220","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:14:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"FpYnhbACrXaQ9srtGO8C8JXGNDLlUkdCS7qC/aNy+mNQeNioAt98Z7wWooBB+qXrQlfV0+jMxXHfLPbxOUEZDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-11T13:32:23.060978Z"},"content_sha256":"b12ce346bebe2db659fc687a39f07261dbf3c7655a4ac4311bdfd2a4fc563b57","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b12ce346bebe2db659fc687a39f07261dbf3c7655a4ac4311bdfd2a4fc563b57"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QCMIQU5CB5JESBVV3D4EWTRWR5/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QCMIQU5CB5JESBVV3D4EWTRWR5/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QCMIQU5CB5JESBVV3D4EWTRWR5/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-11T13:32:23Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/QCMIQU5CB5JESBVV3D4EWTRWR5","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/QCMIQU5CB5JESBVV3D4EWTRWR5/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/QCMIQU5CB5JESBVV3D4EWTRWR5/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QCMIQU5CB5JESBVV3D4EWTRWR5/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:QCMIQU5CB5JESBVV3D4EWTRWR5","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9176393f6660bc9e4b2a85ff17cc27a9023c572347b4974ae22c512ebb8daa62","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2014-04-04T11:41:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"117c068693a0396baf38dcba67390a92e6ae28026597854d9ba9fb4ce1bce3d5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1404.1220","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1404.1220","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:14:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1404.1220v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:14:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1404.1220","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:14:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QCMIQU5CB5JE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QCMIQU5CB5JESBVV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QCMIQU5C","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:43Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b12ce346bebe2db659fc687a39f07261dbf3c7655a4ac4311bdfd2a4fc563b57","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:14:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The present work deals with irreversible Universal thermodynamics. The homogenous and isotropic flat model of the universe is chosen as open thermodynamical system and non-equilibrium thermodynamics comes into picture due to the mechanism of particle creation. For simplicity, entropy flow is considered only due to heat conduction. Further, due to Maxwell-Cattaneo modified Fourier law for non-equilibrium phenomenon, the temperature satisfies damped wave equation instead of heat conduction equation. Validity of generalized second law of thermodynamics (GSLT) has been investigated for Universe bo","authors_text":"Atreyee Biswas, Subenoy Chakraborty, Subhajit Saha","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2014-04-04T11:41:30Z","title":"Irreversible Thermodynamics of the Universe: Constraints from Planck Data"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1404.1220","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:784bc6e0900b6ebb3e6aa36e56c00959bf0e4d9bcdd8043cf462b3a6c6a4169d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:14:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9176393f6660bc9e4b2a85ff17cc27a9023c572347b4974ae22c512ebb8daa62","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2014-04-04T11:41:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"117c068693a0396baf38dcba67390a92e6ae28026597854d9ba9fb4ce1bce3d5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1404.1220","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"80988853a20f524906b5d8f84b4e368f4accab27b9d409caed62baf563e9ecb6","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"80988853a20f524906b5d8f84b4e368f4accab27b9d409caed62baf563e9ecb6","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:14:53.536140Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:14:53.536140Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"JrfkjXTBKWRFJSBmSSgxDY+GzjdAJHzsYkxP0A2Ceg4Ib6oNnzqLkDEzra5uPefaBWjrsEHJcXbT0+TrsxmyDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:14:53.536658Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1404.1220","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:784bc6e0900b6ebb3e6aa36e56c00959bf0e4d9bcdd8043cf462b3a6c6a4169d","sha256:b12ce346bebe2db659fc687a39f07261dbf3c7655a4ac4311bdfd2a4fc563b57"],"state_sha256":"a04a20a12df69c17d7a1359fe6399fcb485757a6d9485a47d67c3f4dfa47bd77"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8+f2QMe/9Uy5/bQJBOo9Oj/7eCTNBufMr4yRI3FmSnRimNVhOCbuVH6aR7PWzy9KnMaWHCSyt02ICcI+AIDPAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-11T13:32:23.062940Z","bundle_sha256":"24df2bf47bd24eedc3be0458788656d1720d12dd41057f6e772252311517caa9"}}