{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:QH6L7OKXBXYBP6YT3R3IM4GWLK","short_pith_number":"pith:QH6L7OKX","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1402.4600","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2014-02-19T09:30:09Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SY"],"title_canon_sha256":"9a828a9e19395df859eaef1d6f189fca980500fdcd548d25d4b3d1eea69988dd","abstract_canon_sha256":"bad2d45ce54fe46c48001cacea9863fc7dacb402648fc2989aa6b97b8019676d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"81fcbfb9570df017fb13dc768670d65aad767690a4f2b322961a9740d073c9ae","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1402.4600","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1402.4600","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1402.4600v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1402.4600","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QH6L7OKXBXYB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QH6L7OKXBXYBP6YT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QH6L7OKX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:46Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:QH6L7OKXBXYBP6YT3R3IM4GWLK","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1402.4600","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2014-02-19T09:30:09Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SY"],"title_canon_sha256":"9a828a9e19395df859eaef1d6f189fca980500fdcd548d25d4b3d1eea69988dd","abstract_canon_sha256":"bad2d45ce54fe46c48001cacea9863fc7dacb402648fc2989aa6b97b8019676d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"81fcbfb9570df017fb13dc768670d65aad767690a4f2b322961a9740d073c9ae","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:05.749213Z","signature_b64":"WFWSlyE6n58L/B8C17CibPsDTf1nXgPyE7Y+eZe3O7VyyI6s0quNkfI2Vv7BV7QXycPx8kM6SCgMN66nyF3tAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"81fcbfb9570df017fb13dc768670d65aad767690a4f2b322961a9740d073c9ae","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:05.748494Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:05.748494Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1402.4600","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:05Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/gdvnYD9350o0ZPgvSaYDzth2ScGNvResHPcKbRsVL1KCaTBrRADsAVNGmx97ojh2IWAzWm85hIBZxegqs38AA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-27T03:53:27.293483Z"},"content_sha256":"f2903dd08c948c802e02290ee72e7f96966ef15453b410743cad66a720a1cd8c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f2903dd08c948c802e02290ee72e7f96966ef15453b410743cad66a720a1cd8c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:QH6L7OKXBXYBP6YT3R3IM4GWLK","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Ancillary Service to the Grid Using Intelligent Deferrable Loads","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.SY"],"primary_cat":"math.OC","authors_text":"Ana Bu\\v{s}i\\'c, Jordan Ehren, Prabir Barooah, Sean Meyn, Yue Chen","submitted_at":"2014-02-19T09:30:09Z","abstract_excerpt":"Renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power have a high degree of unpredictability and time-variation, which makes balancing demand and supply challenging. One possible way to address this challenge is to harness the inherent flexibility in demand of many types of loads. Introduced in this paper is a technique for decentralized control for automated demand response that can be used by grid operators as ancillary service for maintaining demand-supply balance.\n  A Markovian Decision Process (MDP) model is introduced for an individual load. A randomized control architecture is proposed,"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1402.4600","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:05Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nzO3dRkjQ0jT+aVKKqOIS6EUNPXrfhuviT+JE8kZ9Il17CgxVYTWoiVDoLWyIHlsXAzGVqscwMHXMuUdEY5bAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-27T03:53:27.293827Z"},"content_sha256":"c4ec777912af6e0d5e4b4f10af4b0220c46e238b6dffeb1eae1bad85e8f408bf","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c4ec777912af6e0d5e4b4f10af4b0220c46e238b6dffeb1eae1bad85e8f408bf"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QH6L7OKXBXYBP6YT3R3IM4GWLK/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QH6L7OKXBXYBP6YT3R3IM4GWLK/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QH6L7OKXBXYBP6YT3R3IM4GWLK/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-27T03:53:27Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/QH6L7OKXBXYBP6YT3R3IM4GWLK","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/QH6L7OKXBXYBP6YT3R3IM4GWLK/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/QH6L7OKXBXYBP6YT3R3IM4GWLK/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QH6L7OKXBXYBP6YT3R3IM4GWLK/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:QH6L7OKXBXYBP6YT3R3IM4GWLK","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bad2d45ce54fe46c48001cacea9863fc7dacb402648fc2989aa6b97b8019676d","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SY"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2014-02-19T09:30:09Z","title_canon_sha256":"9a828a9e19395df859eaef1d6f189fca980500fdcd548d25d4b3d1eea69988dd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1402.4600","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1402.4600","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1402.4600v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1402.4600","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QH6L7OKXBXYB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QH6L7OKXBXYBP6YT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QH6L7OKX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:46Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c4ec777912af6e0d5e4b4f10af4b0220c46e238b6dffeb1eae1bad85e8f408bf","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:05Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power have a high degree of unpredictability and time-variation, which makes balancing demand and supply challenging. One possible way to address this challenge is to harness the inherent flexibility in demand of many types of loads. Introduced in this paper is a technique for decentralized control for automated demand response that can be used by grid operators as ancillary service for maintaining demand-supply balance.\n  A Markovian Decision Process (MDP) model is introduced for an individual load. A randomized control architecture is proposed,","authors_text":"Ana Bu\\v{s}i\\'c, Jordan Ehren, Prabir Barooah, Sean Meyn, Yue Chen","cross_cats":["cs.SY"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2014-02-19T09:30:09Z","title":"Ancillary Service to the Grid Using Intelligent Deferrable Loads"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1402.4600","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f2903dd08c948c802e02290ee72e7f96966ef15453b410743cad66a720a1cd8c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:05Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bad2d45ce54fe46c48001cacea9863fc7dacb402648fc2989aa6b97b8019676d","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SY"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2014-02-19T09:30:09Z","title_canon_sha256":"9a828a9e19395df859eaef1d6f189fca980500fdcd548d25d4b3d1eea69988dd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1402.4600","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"81fcbfb9570df017fb13dc768670d65aad767690a4f2b322961a9740d073c9ae","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"81fcbfb9570df017fb13dc768670d65aad767690a4f2b322961a9740d073c9ae","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:05.748494Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:05.748494Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"WFWSlyE6n58L/B8C17CibPsDTf1nXgPyE7Y+eZe3O7VyyI6s0quNkfI2Vv7BV7QXycPx8kM6SCgMN66nyF3tAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:17:05.749213Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1402.4600","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f2903dd08c948c802e02290ee72e7f96966ef15453b410743cad66a720a1cd8c","sha256:c4ec777912af6e0d5e4b4f10af4b0220c46e238b6dffeb1eae1bad85e8f408bf"],"state_sha256":"8f4770e3356f72a95be3b7be4902767ef550938e21d045b5b7f3cee44c92d94d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"PdK8KNVJanHLhoS+7jUx3G7BCfeJTYTu114gyOlO39rwKPFxLcVdWqZOpeFsrJBTkZ9SJM9K4dAmGqLbWSbdCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-27T03:53:27.295890Z","bundle_sha256":"9542ee4d0764b484e239989e8b47088f95e9c97848af55e6b2d5e471a4f0cfc2"}}