{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:QW43PBTF4CXI4K3TVVCDWRTFP6","short_pith_number":"pith:QW43PBTF","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1811.01126","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2018-11-02T23:48:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"title_canon_sha256":"6f68332a10560f32890b69d0a51ebead5ee47250bfa050454fbf0032ffef1060","abstract_canon_sha256":"8d993cc2a4fdb3cee73b183885bf2308a69375f6058585d600c6ee4db7aed8b3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"85b9b78665e0ae8e2b73ad443b46657fbcad94bacfa4f0bab58617dcc2481a72","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1811.01126","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1811.01126","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:56:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1811.01126v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:56:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1811.01126","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:56:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QW43PBTF4CXI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QW43PBTF4CXI4K3T","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QW43PBTF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:QW43PBTF4CXI4K3TVVCDWRTFP6","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1811.01126","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2018-11-02T23:48:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"title_canon_sha256":"6f68332a10560f32890b69d0a51ebead5ee47250bfa050454fbf0032ffef1060","abstract_canon_sha256":"8d993cc2a4fdb3cee73b183885bf2308a69375f6058585d600c6ee4db7aed8b3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"85b9b78665e0ae8e2b73ad443b46657fbcad94bacfa4f0bab58617dcc2481a72","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:56:45.095185Z","signature_b64":"jq51ruQhHpvP1GGHknALgSHoI8mTXKfDSVz8BnhAOx7OI7pyphf2kb8o+Rtneybkpcp12JDqcmfdbSuxKX+XBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"85b9b78665e0ae8e2b73ad443b46657fbcad94bacfa4f0bab58617dcc2481a72","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:56:45.094817Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:56:45.094817Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1811.01126","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:56:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ewnGHIKaJj8b7kjcVOzxgcCkOOixoC/xEd56nSQFQmpAze4530kPtGXIZyMotSDHSfuvCtrmrxjI24ctON0+Bw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-29T15:18:44.569534Z"},"content_sha256":"3bf505dadd034c5d7593c57dfdafe3d06791513f88c8d06df5476852aa240ae0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3bf505dadd034c5d7593c57dfdafe3d06791513f88c8d06df5476852aa240ae0"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:QW43PBTF4CXI4K3TVVCDWRTFP6","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Do we need fine-tuning to create primordial black holes?","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["gr-qc"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Tomohiro Nakama, Yi Wang","submitted_at":"2018-11-02T23:48:38Z","abstract_excerpt":"Recently, the formation of primordial black holes (PBHs) from the collapse of primordial fluctuations has received much attention. The abundance of PBHs formed during radiation domination is sensitive to the tail of the probability distribution of primordial fluctuations. We quantify the level of fine-tuning due to this sensitivity. For example, if the main source of dark matter is PBHs with mass $10^{-12}M_\\odot$, then anthropic reasoning suggests that the dark matter to baryon ratio should range between 1 and 300. For this to happen, the root-mean-square amplitude of the curvature perturbati"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1811.01126","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:56:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"jOQArmqKnVxmA9y1h651euA17BzY94EUHYL9JlbqXXOVw0qOdItO1PbhxbZZr3gtj7DXTecWEjQ8KWOh4uj4Aw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-29T15:18:44.570137Z"},"content_sha256":"22c9c1a9ec8bde70b99046ec91d7476f9aae82fbb73f37ef270a001fec8d7c55","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:22c9c1a9ec8bde70b99046ec91d7476f9aae82fbb73f37ef270a001fec8d7c55"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QW43PBTF4CXI4K3TVVCDWRTFP6/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QW43PBTF4CXI4K3TVVCDWRTFP6/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QW43PBTF4CXI4K3TVVCDWRTFP6/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-29T15:18:44Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/QW43PBTF4CXI4K3TVVCDWRTFP6","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/QW43PBTF4CXI4K3TVVCDWRTFP6/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/QW43PBTF4CXI4K3TVVCDWRTFP6/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QW43PBTF4CXI4K3TVVCDWRTFP6/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:QW43PBTF4CXI4K3TVVCDWRTFP6","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8d993cc2a4fdb3cee73b183885bf2308a69375f6058585d600c6ee4db7aed8b3","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2018-11-02T23:48:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"6f68332a10560f32890b69d0a51ebead5ee47250bfa050454fbf0032ffef1060"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1811.01126","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1811.01126","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:56:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1811.01126v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:56:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1811.01126","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:56:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QW43PBTF4CXI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QW43PBTF4CXI4K3T","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QW43PBTF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:22c9c1a9ec8bde70b99046ec91d7476f9aae82fbb73f37ef270a001fec8d7c55","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:56:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Recently, the formation of primordial black holes (PBHs) from the collapse of primordial fluctuations has received much attention. The abundance of PBHs formed during radiation domination is sensitive to the tail of the probability distribution of primordial fluctuations. We quantify the level of fine-tuning due to this sensitivity. For example, if the main source of dark matter is PBHs with mass $10^{-12}M_\\odot$, then anthropic reasoning suggests that the dark matter to baryon ratio should range between 1 and 300. For this to happen, the root-mean-square amplitude of the curvature perturbati","authors_text":"Tomohiro Nakama, Yi Wang","cross_cats":["gr-qc"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2018-11-02T23:48:38Z","title":"Do we need fine-tuning to create primordial black holes?"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1811.01126","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:3bf505dadd034c5d7593c57dfdafe3d06791513f88c8d06df5476852aa240ae0","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:56:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8d993cc2a4fdb3cee73b183885bf2308a69375f6058585d600c6ee4db7aed8b3","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2018-11-02T23:48:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"6f68332a10560f32890b69d0a51ebead5ee47250bfa050454fbf0032ffef1060"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1811.01126","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"85b9b78665e0ae8e2b73ad443b46657fbcad94bacfa4f0bab58617dcc2481a72","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"85b9b78665e0ae8e2b73ad443b46657fbcad94bacfa4f0bab58617dcc2481a72","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:56:45.094817Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:56:45.094817Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"jq51ruQhHpvP1GGHknALgSHoI8mTXKfDSVz8BnhAOx7OI7pyphf2kb8o+Rtneybkpcp12JDqcmfdbSuxKX+XBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:56:45.095185Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1811.01126","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:3bf505dadd034c5d7593c57dfdafe3d06791513f88c8d06df5476852aa240ae0","sha256:22c9c1a9ec8bde70b99046ec91d7476f9aae82fbb73f37ef270a001fec8d7c55"],"state_sha256":"4a8bd17e908bf028d488dd3929076b033a790ea4d39a2ba4115fea54ff871b84"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"mw3bQSUvJ9RnrWL8IWGGfcEUNjI5Lkkxl3TkEqeOaJRfKfk4QX5mqwdAuFPDW9S8X6C2uVXydjdwYVTb0KmyCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-29T15:18:44.573453Z","bundle_sha256":"eb19ab581e11f60884c1a0c42dd7c144f98b20c0f60468320aab94ac93b9bff4"}}