{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:QWHPPIVTD3OUWU5GGVXXL3RLQY","short_pith_number":"pith:QWHPPIVT","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1806.05426","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2018-06-14T09:18:42Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","cs.CY"],"title_canon_sha256":"f0c052e191ddc3ff7a295ef47bc205322a303f559e20e5ec0113efc9281f8798","abstract_canon_sha256":"9f6f7dbfdd8963a26fd18c284e5b5045e05b8cadccd447c4dc2fea6500d1a863"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"858ef7a2b31edd4b53a6356f75ee2b8637109c3904320d0fcc479e0894b9edbe","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1806.05426","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1806.05426","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:13:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1806.05426v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:13:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1806.05426","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:13:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QWHPPIVTD3OU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QWHPPIVTD3OUWU5G","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QWHPPIVT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:50Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:QWHPPIVTD3OUWU5GGVXXL3RLQY","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1806.05426","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2018-06-14T09:18:42Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","cs.CY"],"title_canon_sha256":"f0c052e191ddc3ff7a295ef47bc205322a303f559e20e5ec0113efc9281f8798","abstract_canon_sha256":"9f6f7dbfdd8963a26fd18c284e5b5045e05b8cadccd447c4dc2fea6500d1a863"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"858ef7a2b31edd4b53a6356f75ee2b8637109c3904320d0fcc479e0894b9edbe","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:13:16.000352Z","signature_b64":"PD76AvrLdcNY17TNwL75jyPrB0c+4Q+blPb0iRxhLx8MGHlktLxwjb7Qi0WFmmbiGtln6Q2SP4m2esuG0DYvCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"858ef7a2b31edd4b53a6356f75ee2b8637109c3904320d0fcc479e0894b9edbe","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:13:15.999768Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:13:15.999768Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1806.05426","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:13:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Fdt+H4VIl6chWSat9rrHm98mNyFNOdayIXLQKtxnFA2PNWXCf+b03zcCC95b7b53CbX1r0NGmS7FQQ9evepUAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-22T02:08:40.187358Z"},"content_sha256":"236d27278695a3f18c0f68eb4d888630c9213dd2685c6e54fbefbb6233fde467","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:236d27278695a3f18c0f68eb4d888630c9213dd2685c6e54fbefbb6233fde467"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:QWHPPIVTD3OUWU5GGVXXL3RLQY","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"How to design browser security and privacy alerts","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CR","cs.CY"],"primary_cat":"cs.HC","authors_text":"Karen Renaud, Lynsay A. Shepherd","submitted_at":"2018-06-14T09:18:42Z","abstract_excerpt":"It is important to design browser security and privacy alerts so as to maximise their value to the end user, and their efficacy in terms of communicating risk. We derived a list of design guidelines from the research literature by carrying out a systematic review. We analysed the papers both quantitatively and qualitatively to arrive at a comprehensive set of guidelines. Our findings aim to to provide designers and developers with guidance as to how to construct privacy and security alerts. We conclude by providing an alert template,highlighting its adherence to the derived guidelines."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1806.05426","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:13:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"XplXFzaw+F1777m4ndjNsAVZ9jMNtyDIfht/7jPd8+v9gO8KuiIejYoQDrkWSodUbxKwmIkXFJY2QRITyoshCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-22T02:08:40.187711Z"},"content_sha256":"1a9485ffe27e1bba2c5fb80d76bfa2dac3730fc7bb7a8cc9237868aa2543c9ee","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1a9485ffe27e1bba2c5fb80d76bfa2dac3730fc7bb7a8cc9237868aa2543c9ee"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QWHPPIVTD3OUWU5GGVXXL3RLQY/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QWHPPIVTD3OUWU5GGVXXL3RLQY/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QWHPPIVTD3OUWU5GGVXXL3RLQY/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-22T02:08:40Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/QWHPPIVTD3OUWU5GGVXXL3RLQY","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/QWHPPIVTD3OUWU5GGVXXL3RLQY/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/QWHPPIVTD3OUWU5GGVXXL3RLQY/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QWHPPIVTD3OUWU5GGVXXL3RLQY/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:QWHPPIVTD3OUWU5GGVXXL3RLQY","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9f6f7dbfdd8963a26fd18c284e5b5045e05b8cadccd447c4dc2fea6500d1a863","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","cs.CY"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2018-06-14T09:18:42Z","title_canon_sha256":"f0c052e191ddc3ff7a295ef47bc205322a303f559e20e5ec0113efc9281f8798"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1806.05426","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1806.05426","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:13:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1806.05426v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:13:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1806.05426","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:13:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QWHPPIVTD3OU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QWHPPIVTD3OUWU5G","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QWHPPIVT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:50Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1a9485ffe27e1bba2c5fb80d76bfa2dac3730fc7bb7a8cc9237868aa2543c9ee","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:13:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"It is important to design browser security and privacy alerts so as to maximise their value to the end user, and their efficacy in terms of communicating risk. We derived a list of design guidelines from the research literature by carrying out a systematic review. We analysed the papers both quantitatively and qualitatively to arrive at a comprehensive set of guidelines. Our findings aim to to provide designers and developers with guidance as to how to construct privacy and security alerts. We conclude by providing an alert template,highlighting its adherence to the derived guidelines.","authors_text":"Karen Renaud, Lynsay A. Shepherd","cross_cats":["cs.CR","cs.CY"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2018-06-14T09:18:42Z","title":"How to design browser security and privacy alerts"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1806.05426","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:236d27278695a3f18c0f68eb4d888630c9213dd2685c6e54fbefbb6233fde467","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:13:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9f6f7dbfdd8963a26fd18c284e5b5045e05b8cadccd447c4dc2fea6500d1a863","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","cs.CY"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2018-06-14T09:18:42Z","title_canon_sha256":"f0c052e191ddc3ff7a295ef47bc205322a303f559e20e5ec0113efc9281f8798"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1806.05426","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"858ef7a2b31edd4b53a6356f75ee2b8637109c3904320d0fcc479e0894b9edbe","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"858ef7a2b31edd4b53a6356f75ee2b8637109c3904320d0fcc479e0894b9edbe","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:13:15.999768Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:13:15.999768Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"PD76AvrLdcNY17TNwL75jyPrB0c+4Q+blPb0iRxhLx8MGHlktLxwjb7Qi0WFmmbiGtln6Q2SP4m2esuG0DYvCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:13:16.000352Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1806.05426","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:236d27278695a3f18c0f68eb4d888630c9213dd2685c6e54fbefbb6233fde467","sha256:1a9485ffe27e1bba2c5fb80d76bfa2dac3730fc7bb7a8cc9237868aa2543c9ee"],"state_sha256":"42c96e0f9d05c3b66804aed2a942d1f6825e0493702564e4822f1254b3a8c10d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"NLzlvWLC0oPiFqBDA+wO23mZdQG72VbMUUMP3HbGhfxPJTd0ko8YsGY0CxPVBiPxvXso0MHbdS1r9JzsMUiaBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-22T02:08:40.189673Z","bundle_sha256":"72882ee14ae1df06e26a1036c3aaeb0ba63067f0b4539361c9ee09f8714d83d9"}}