{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:QYT363VUP76V3GBQHRKYQRVXDQ","short_pith_number":"pith:QYT363VU","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1404.6721","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2014-04-27T07:34:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"3ab46409603d322e828a06dc9d0945264d8640b354717363465a4296e11d065f","abstract_canon_sha256":"7f4113b8a9437232a9bc4191e4e02bfd869d843e447893a6202bfcb9f07ecdf7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8627bf6eb47ffd5d98303c558846b71c124096da25179137a91d2985613fc83d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1404.6721","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1404.6721","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1404.6721v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1404.6721","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QYT363VUP76V","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QYT363VUP76V3GBQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QYT363VU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:46Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:QYT363VUP76V3GBQHRKYQRVXDQ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1404.6721","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2014-04-27T07:34:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"3ab46409603d322e828a06dc9d0945264d8640b354717363465a4296e11d065f","abstract_canon_sha256":"7f4113b8a9437232a9bc4191e4e02bfd869d843e447893a6202bfcb9f07ecdf7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8627bf6eb47ffd5d98303c558846b71c124096da25179137a91d2985613fc83d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:06.180118Z","signature_b64":"/GLeLdGbLgGSrfKYBKEWbwnXBFDsriCYUZNIqwkTBXCUlJsKKFPVWVFZTTSNagxmHUf/LoogeoKs/SpmxUyoAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"8627bf6eb47ffd5d98303c558846b71c124096da25179137a91d2985613fc83d","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:06.179434Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:06.179434Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1404.6721","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:06Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"GA+JiR4lE8MhWowMegiODNtsqowAZihGc61d4b/0V6E7ItQvl9gzK0HAihcsILIzriJuFmctegabhILtXfwYDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-22T18:00:59.276146Z"},"content_sha256":"30d970b857b44bb07d98250b08fa2c98ecb309bdef73def4942090d2fd8078c1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:30d970b857b44bb07d98250b08fa2c98ecb309bdef73def4942090d2fd8078c1"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:QYT363VUP76V3GBQHRKYQRVXDQ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Optimistic Parallel State-Machine Replication","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.DC","authors_text":"Fernando Pedone, Parisa Jalili Marandi","submitted_at":"2014-04-27T07:34:36Z","abstract_excerpt":"State-machine replication, a fundamental approach to fault tolerance, requires replicas to execute commands deterministically, which usually results in sequential execution of commands. Sequential execution limits performance and underuses servers, which are increasingly parallel (i.e., multicore). To narrow the gap between state-machine replication requirements and the characteristics of modern servers, researchers have recently come up with alternative execution models. This paper surveys existing approaches to parallel state-machine replication and proposes a novel optimistic protocol that "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1404.6721","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:06Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"AaioImh0/tAS+0RHLb8mNODeMV7smkph7Ak3o/4ZDpUecSrZhIWT7pb7TyqYIBjaC18cLXSUtheiob4wHzGMDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-22T18:00:59.276505Z"},"content_sha256":"5717f8f0ca365b5a5b147cb706ff74d115ddad3b1fd258b5a463650f0bc2a0e0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5717f8f0ca365b5a5b147cb706ff74d115ddad3b1fd258b5a463650f0bc2a0e0"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QYT363VUP76V3GBQHRKYQRVXDQ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QYT363VUP76V3GBQHRKYQRVXDQ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QYT363VUP76V3GBQHRKYQRVXDQ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-22T18:00:59Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/QYT363VUP76V3GBQHRKYQRVXDQ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/QYT363VUP76V3GBQHRKYQRVXDQ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/QYT363VUP76V3GBQHRKYQRVXDQ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QYT363VUP76V3GBQHRKYQRVXDQ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:QYT363VUP76V3GBQHRKYQRVXDQ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7f4113b8a9437232a9bc4191e4e02bfd869d843e447893a6202bfcb9f07ecdf7","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2014-04-27T07:34:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"3ab46409603d322e828a06dc9d0945264d8640b354717363465a4296e11d065f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1404.6721","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1404.6721","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1404.6721v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1404.6721","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QYT363VUP76V","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QYT363VUP76V3GBQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QYT363VU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:46Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:5717f8f0ca365b5a5b147cb706ff74d115ddad3b1fd258b5a463650f0bc2a0e0","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:06Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"State-machine replication, a fundamental approach to fault tolerance, requires replicas to execute commands deterministically, which usually results in sequential execution of commands. Sequential execution limits performance and underuses servers, which are increasingly parallel (i.e., multicore). To narrow the gap between state-machine replication requirements and the characteristics of modern servers, researchers have recently come up with alternative execution models. This paper surveys existing approaches to parallel state-machine replication and proposes a novel optimistic protocol that ","authors_text":"Fernando Pedone, Parisa Jalili Marandi","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2014-04-27T07:34:36Z","title":"Optimistic Parallel State-Machine Replication"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1404.6721","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:30d970b857b44bb07d98250b08fa2c98ecb309bdef73def4942090d2fd8078c1","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:06Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7f4113b8a9437232a9bc4191e4e02bfd869d843e447893a6202bfcb9f07ecdf7","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2014-04-27T07:34:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"3ab46409603d322e828a06dc9d0945264d8640b354717363465a4296e11d065f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1404.6721","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"8627bf6eb47ffd5d98303c558846b71c124096da25179137a91d2985613fc83d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"8627bf6eb47ffd5d98303c558846b71c124096da25179137a91d2985613fc83d","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:06.179434Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:06.179434Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"/GLeLdGbLgGSrfKYBKEWbwnXBFDsriCYUZNIqwkTBXCUlJsKKFPVWVFZTTSNagxmHUf/LoogeoKs/SpmxUyoAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:06.180118Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1404.6721","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:30d970b857b44bb07d98250b08fa2c98ecb309bdef73def4942090d2fd8078c1","sha256:5717f8f0ca365b5a5b147cb706ff74d115ddad3b1fd258b5a463650f0bc2a0e0"],"state_sha256":"7abe71f44db87e425604de1608b4e0e10576361263ce04a312f33e4c2d3d7a80"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"E9jJPCsNFAVNLet2XeDrIV6rvXf8ZTGWh63IRezesf0yqDK9L37NDzRbOWuwfHWSb6nG977YYKxB3TtsKmMvCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-22T18:00:59.278393Z","bundle_sha256":"2adcccde5d50a7cccdfb591bcc7f995c258bb365569508bc09d5a4ce2c7289e9"}}