{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:R6VAFC3GOIXNWDWZIVL3UAABCT","short_pith_number":"pith:R6VAFC3G","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1603.01618","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2016-03-04T21:00:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.EP"],"title_canon_sha256":"0285ed357dd9781d65b363383f7f651042253ebe7448d03421dfe7c4ffa12bca","abstract_canon_sha256":"0ccc566524580cb58697eceed6cd01af821bc73ccafcd27d27114b2759264bd9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8faa028b66722edb0ed94557ba000114c9cb6c31524eab78596b8d2210b27944","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1603.01618","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1603.01618","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1603.01618v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1603.01618","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"R6VAFC3GOIXN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"R6VAFC3GOIXNWDWZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"R6VAFC3G","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:41Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:R6VAFC3GOIXNWDWZIVL3UAABCT","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1603.01618","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2016-03-04T21:00:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.EP"],"title_canon_sha256":"0285ed357dd9781d65b363383f7f651042253ebe7448d03421dfe7c4ffa12bca","abstract_canon_sha256":"0ccc566524580cb58697eceed6cd01af821bc73ccafcd27d27114b2759264bd9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8faa028b66722edb0ed94557ba000114c9cb6c31524eab78596b8d2210b27944","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:48.793356Z","signature_b64":"rJeUmF+OcKSkyZNj6WtSQNgRx3sA6o9XkZWv/D1Lh0udxyPsMy+oXvox2ZkU96y+R2tUsaaWAftuBznk8T+0DQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"8faa028b66722edb0ed94557ba000114c9cb6c31524eab78596b8d2210b27944","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:48.793015Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:48.793015Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1603.01618","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"I3s8D1yfkbHW3KGA+NBVI3PsZ9LgAmpYnRZOVigLzWj1x3kG6+iJbYoZxtLsKADwHWCh5Vkzt34WTH9B58FqBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T16:46:26.752483Z"},"content_sha256":"a887b8729d1c0a50dec10059ebcd9908c5ddde83939bf9c29ab2e5e7dc976f53","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a887b8729d1c0a50dec10059ebcd9908c5ddde83939bf9c29ab2e5e7dc976f53"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:R6VAFC3GOIXNWDWZIVL3UAABCT","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Signatures of Gravitational Instability in Resolved Images of Protostellar Disks","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.EP"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","authors_text":"Eduard Vorobyov, Eugene Chiang, Hauyu Baobab Liu, Ruobing Dong, Yaroslav Pavlyuchenkov","submitted_at":"2016-03-04T21:00:04Z","abstract_excerpt":"Protostellar (class 0/I) disks, having masses comparable to those of their nascent host stars, and fed continuously from their natal infalling envelopes, are prone to gravitational instability (GI). Motivated by advances in near-infrared (NIR) adaptive optics imaging and mm-wave interferometry, we explore the observational signatures of GI in disks, using hydrodynamical and Monte Carlo radiative transfer simulations to synthesize NIR scattered light images and mm dust continuum maps. Spiral arms induced by GI, located at disk radii of hundreds of AUs, are local overdensities and have their pho"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1603.01618","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"kH6Y6MYmd0ReEk9uCbHB+jMKzN/ZiDumKBkrlymMDy/2OFaV9k/TvinD2RnyGLDvANPIPzvzI1OTIKNmWR0XAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T16:46:26.752823Z"},"content_sha256":"1fa9942418ae5247df366745608a85207cb75b0f6ffa1ac0b5896200d4aab61c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1fa9942418ae5247df366745608a85207cb75b0f6ffa1ac0b5896200d4aab61c"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/R6VAFC3GOIXNWDWZIVL3UAABCT/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/R6VAFC3GOIXNWDWZIVL3UAABCT/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/R6VAFC3GOIXNWDWZIVL3UAABCT/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-07T16:46:26Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/R6VAFC3GOIXNWDWZIVL3UAABCT","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/R6VAFC3GOIXNWDWZIVL3UAABCT/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/R6VAFC3GOIXNWDWZIVL3UAABCT/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/R6VAFC3GOIXNWDWZIVL3UAABCT/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:R6VAFC3GOIXNWDWZIVL3UAABCT","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0ccc566524580cb58697eceed6cd01af821bc73ccafcd27d27114b2759264bd9","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.EP"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2016-03-04T21:00:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"0285ed357dd9781d65b363383f7f651042253ebe7448d03421dfe7c4ffa12bca"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1603.01618","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1603.01618","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1603.01618v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1603.01618","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"R6VAFC3GOIXN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"R6VAFC3GOIXNWDWZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"R6VAFC3G","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:41Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1fa9942418ae5247df366745608a85207cb75b0f6ffa1ac0b5896200d4aab61c","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Protostellar (class 0/I) disks, having masses comparable to those of their nascent host stars, and fed continuously from their natal infalling envelopes, are prone to gravitational instability (GI). Motivated by advances in near-infrared (NIR) adaptive optics imaging and mm-wave interferometry, we explore the observational signatures of GI in disks, using hydrodynamical and Monte Carlo radiative transfer simulations to synthesize NIR scattered light images and mm dust continuum maps. Spiral arms induced by GI, located at disk radii of hundreds of AUs, are local overdensities and have their pho","authors_text":"Eduard Vorobyov, Eugene Chiang, Hauyu Baobab Liu, Ruobing Dong, Yaroslav Pavlyuchenkov","cross_cats":["astro-ph.EP"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2016-03-04T21:00:04Z","title":"Signatures of Gravitational Instability in Resolved Images of Protostellar Disks"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1603.01618","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a887b8729d1c0a50dec10059ebcd9908c5ddde83939bf9c29ab2e5e7dc976f53","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0ccc566524580cb58697eceed6cd01af821bc73ccafcd27d27114b2759264bd9","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.EP"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2016-03-04T21:00:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"0285ed357dd9781d65b363383f7f651042253ebe7448d03421dfe7c4ffa12bca"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1603.01618","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"8faa028b66722edb0ed94557ba000114c9cb6c31524eab78596b8d2210b27944","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"8faa028b66722edb0ed94557ba000114c9cb6c31524eab78596b8d2210b27944","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:48.793015Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:48.793015Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"rJeUmF+OcKSkyZNj6WtSQNgRx3sA6o9XkZWv/D1Lh0udxyPsMy+oXvox2ZkU96y+R2tUsaaWAftuBznk8T+0DQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:48.793356Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1603.01618","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a887b8729d1c0a50dec10059ebcd9908c5ddde83939bf9c29ab2e5e7dc976f53","sha256:1fa9942418ae5247df366745608a85207cb75b0f6ffa1ac0b5896200d4aab61c"],"state_sha256":"6587514aa39fc413af6b170519f114877b0aca5f53c6e73cc4fb1a16eee0d4e1"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Wf697V4sk4I7UuBZQiveMczk/06FhrqXMvTHqoyGHdiJcu6m3qy4wX/kynmk0OLnwij1hcLc6tNGuUa7ODukBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T16:46:26.755295Z","bundle_sha256":"143bc9065af658cbf08483e4d0f54b61775326952acef10477866fe090dea31c"}}