{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:RB6O6KQZW4525Z3F5VBSPM6UWQ","short_pith_number":"pith:RB6O6KQZ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1705.09388","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","submitted_at":"2017-05-23T18:01:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mes-hall","cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"title_canon_sha256":"98b644feb40f7f5645139dd375e3c9b4788da1d04e7dd66273c45813d402c185","abstract_canon_sha256":"15c250e50a0c24111e9896e818a52803b8e4d58e9ec3ce11c145420d54ce20eb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"887cef2a19b73baee765ed4327b3d4b42070581c3b8d6ad11076f2b41559a81b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1705.09388","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1705.09388","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:43:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1705.09388v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:43:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1705.09388","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:43:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RB6O6KQZW452","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RB6O6KQZW4525Z3F","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RB6O6KQZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:39Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:RB6O6KQZW4525Z3F5VBSPM6UWQ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1705.09388","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","submitted_at":"2017-05-23T18:01:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mes-hall","cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"title_canon_sha256":"98b644feb40f7f5645139dd375e3c9b4788da1d04e7dd66273c45813d402c185","abstract_canon_sha256":"15c250e50a0c24111e9896e818a52803b8e4d58e9ec3ce11c145420d54ce20eb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"887cef2a19b73baee765ed4327b3d4b42070581c3b8d6ad11076f2b41559a81b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:43:34.762245Z","signature_b64":"r53I5bvZ7I13D5REe8cTxJI8QWuW51Mq4TeiARsFknoUeXR7KH6LBUQvGbBvp+VRkf4SpcV/eIUmgtObMTbIAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"887cef2a19b73baee765ed4327b3d4b42070581c3b8d6ad11076f2b41559a81b","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:43:34.761802Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:43:34.761802Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1705.09388","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:43:34Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"VnkbTyrZPt+ZLIQa+bciene+p6xJFato43v/NInOs4KJlxfeE/eFzr0ZRGzepqtfpyaQ+z2tY/cabyQge48BCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T06:09:35.352092Z"},"content_sha256":"64b7675e624ee85b69f89175cd299210e9f22d041dcbcacb47f62dd6dac7866a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:64b7675e624ee85b69f89175cd299210e9f22d041dcbcacb47f62dd6dac7866a"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:RB6O6KQZW4525Z3F5VBSPM6UWQ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Reducing Graphene Device Variability with Yttrium Sacrificial Layers","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.mes-hall","cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","authors_text":"Enrique A. Carrion, Eric Pop, Maryann C. Tung, Ning C. Wang","submitted_at":"2017-05-23T18:01:05Z","abstract_excerpt":"Graphene technology has made great strides since the material was isolated more than a decade ago. However, despite improvements in growth quality and numerous 'hero' devices, challenges of uniformity remain, restricting large-scale development of graphene-based technologies. Here we investigate and reduce the variability of graphene transistors by studying the effects of contact metals (with and without Ti layer), resist, and yttrium (Y) sacrificial layers during the fabrication of hundreds of devices. We find that with optical photolithography, residual resist and process contamination is un"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1705.09388","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:43:34Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Xd8vDZ91BBXnfI3GnIuI6qTmFTj3h4I6Wwt/Rw7TtpULh9svsrhGmMIjYfKNMEfZ1LpLw3CDlMryYYGeT8/SDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T06:09:35.352444Z"},"content_sha256":"ff9feb14e0e9483945c56a1c8f1a854fe8b696cdd6926cb411d4339c32ded2a9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ff9feb14e0e9483945c56a1c8f1a854fe8b696cdd6926cb411d4339c32ded2a9"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RB6O6KQZW4525Z3F5VBSPM6UWQ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RB6O6KQZW4525Z3F5VBSPM6UWQ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RB6O6KQZW4525Z3F5VBSPM6UWQ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-02T06:09:35Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/RB6O6KQZW4525Z3F5VBSPM6UWQ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/RB6O6KQZW4525Z3F5VBSPM6UWQ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/RB6O6KQZW4525Z3F5VBSPM6UWQ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RB6O6KQZW4525Z3F5VBSPM6UWQ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:RB6O6KQZW4525Z3F5VBSPM6UWQ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"15c250e50a0c24111e9896e818a52803b8e4d58e9ec3ce11c145420d54ce20eb","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mes-hall","cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","submitted_at":"2017-05-23T18:01:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"98b644feb40f7f5645139dd375e3c9b4788da1d04e7dd66273c45813d402c185"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1705.09388","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1705.09388","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:43:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1705.09388v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:43:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1705.09388","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:43:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RB6O6KQZW452","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RB6O6KQZW4525Z3F","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RB6O6KQZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:39Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ff9feb14e0e9483945c56a1c8f1a854fe8b696cdd6926cb411d4339c32ded2a9","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:43:34Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Graphene technology has made great strides since the material was isolated more than a decade ago. However, despite improvements in growth quality and numerous 'hero' devices, challenges of uniformity remain, restricting large-scale development of graphene-based technologies. Here we investigate and reduce the variability of graphene transistors by studying the effects of contact metals (with and without Ti layer), resist, and yttrium (Y) sacrificial layers during the fabrication of hundreds of devices. We find that with optical photolithography, residual resist and process contamination is un","authors_text":"Enrique A. Carrion, Eric Pop, Maryann C. Tung, Ning C. Wang","cross_cats":["cond-mat.mes-hall","cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","submitted_at":"2017-05-23T18:01:05Z","title":"Reducing Graphene Device Variability with Yttrium Sacrificial Layers"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1705.09388","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:64b7675e624ee85b69f89175cd299210e9f22d041dcbcacb47f62dd6dac7866a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:43:34Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"15c250e50a0c24111e9896e818a52803b8e4d58e9ec3ce11c145420d54ce20eb","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mes-hall","cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","submitted_at":"2017-05-23T18:01:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"98b644feb40f7f5645139dd375e3c9b4788da1d04e7dd66273c45813d402c185"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1705.09388","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"887cef2a19b73baee765ed4327b3d4b42070581c3b8d6ad11076f2b41559a81b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"887cef2a19b73baee765ed4327b3d4b42070581c3b8d6ad11076f2b41559a81b","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:43:34.761802Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:43:34.761802Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"r53I5bvZ7I13D5REe8cTxJI8QWuW51Mq4TeiARsFknoUeXR7KH6LBUQvGbBvp+VRkf4SpcV/eIUmgtObMTbIAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:43:34.762245Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1705.09388","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:64b7675e624ee85b69f89175cd299210e9f22d041dcbcacb47f62dd6dac7866a","sha256:ff9feb14e0e9483945c56a1c8f1a854fe8b696cdd6926cb411d4339c32ded2a9"],"state_sha256":"15c4730415e3629a236f642f204885894639a4ece829cfb200fdeaae0969bf41"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pHsQlHyiL2RvaQWzrgwlTd1TzYYQzCpz0U46j4i7p3ERfnQKB5B3AQCVjWHCdN2LtBTpaJSQrgEQtnK8VZRkCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T06:09:35.354413Z","bundle_sha256":"b7f28fcd675fe854e83593d8bf41db810e7781e98a0ee10bd5b979173da4d03b"}}