{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:RDC3FFH2A6ZHPZVZKGYSX3KLER","short_pith_number":"pith:RDC3FFH2","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2403.14792","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2024-03-21T19:13:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.NI","cs.PF","math.OC"],"title_canon_sha256":"1f46f53417015c1f2bc1f30c693d233e875a1a6eda92fe38c3942096e1481dd9","abstract_canon_sha256":"984c6e6e496d392a8c089c35155ebca696da4033f90eeaa0b4ab81bccc690707"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"88c5b294fa07b277e6b951b12bed4b2459b076719d57c60e301300db7f3e83dc","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2403.14792","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2403.14792","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:59:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2403.14792v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:59:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2403.14792","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:59:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RDC3FFH2A6ZH","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:59:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RDC3FFH2A6ZHPZVZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:59:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RDC3FFH2","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:59:25Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:RDC3FFH2A6ZHPZVZKGYSX3KLER","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2403.14792","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2024-03-21T19:13:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.NI","cs.PF","math.OC"],"title_canon_sha256":"1f46f53417015c1f2bc1f30c693d233e875a1a6eda92fe38c3942096e1481dd9","abstract_canon_sha256":"984c6e6e496d392a8c089c35155ebca696da4033f90eeaa0b4ab81bccc690707"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"88c5b294fa07b277e6b951b12bed4b2459b076719d57c60e301300db7f3e83dc","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:59:25.951189Z","signature_b64":"4Mcjec18P2d1XMekWt7HyP9mL9InQAcsLPqCmrOLfAxUipGVEXFIGZnPOKxwLKcfYeiyILFMEOI+dlM03b3ADA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"88c5b294fa07b277e6b951b12bed4b2459b076719d57c60e301300db7f3e83dc","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:59:25.950773Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:59:25.950773Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2403.14792","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:59:25Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/l7rVqi0BHcjPKV7xWatNQ6hAInlOj1iPgYLkXUHh12Pnsm1I4vYZq0B78z1WTNRgfoJ6Cmt3g0l//fivnXWCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T00:17:29.356731Z"},"content_sha256":"f6509bebb44862b0acd433ec4f80dd7a7696f279a888ed4c4163f1a3133c988e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f6509bebb44862b0acd433ec4f80dd7a7696f279a888ed4c4163f1a3133c988e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:RDC3FFH2A6ZHPZVZKGYSX3KLER","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"CASPER: Carbon-Aware Scheduling and Provisioning for Distributed Web Services","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.NI","cs.PF","math.OC"],"primary_cat":"cs.DC","authors_text":"Abel Souza, Ahmed Ali-Eldin, Alexander Bridgwater, Axel Lundberg, Basundhara Chakrabarty, David Irwin, Filip Skogh, Prashant Shenoy, Shruti Jasoria","submitted_at":"2024-03-21T19:13:15Z","abstract_excerpt":"There has been a significant societal push towards sustainable practices, including in computing. Modern interactive workloads such as geo-distributed web-services exhibit various spatiotemporal and performance flexibility, enabling the possibility to adapt the location, time, and intensity of processing to align with the availability of renewable and low-carbon energy. An example is a web application hosted across multiple cloud regions, each with varying carbon intensity based on their local electricity mix. Distributed load-balancing enables the exploitation of low-carbon energy through loa"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2403.14792","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2403.14792/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:59:25Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"B0FdPYwKyzGELFoV1amh3HcsQUfTrlDWOkE4rzy1VVAUhe2MvYg9fboNCpDbfbrj78kOOojzgBhiUjLLpqw5BA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T00:17:29.357274Z"},"content_sha256":"9acfc8a281cfe29cf72db3fdcdbe8c2dc98af4f66428c983aeab7518c6ac2bb5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9acfc8a281cfe29cf72db3fdcdbe8c2dc98af4f66428c983aeab7518c6ac2bb5"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RDC3FFH2A6ZHPZVZKGYSX3KLER/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RDC3FFH2A6ZHPZVZKGYSX3KLER/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RDC3FFH2A6ZHPZVZKGYSX3KLER/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-21T00:17:29Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/RDC3FFH2A6ZHPZVZKGYSX3KLER","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/RDC3FFH2A6ZHPZVZKGYSX3KLER/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/RDC3FFH2A6ZHPZVZKGYSX3KLER/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RDC3FFH2A6ZHPZVZKGYSX3KLER/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:RDC3FFH2A6ZHPZVZKGYSX3KLER","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"984c6e6e496d392a8c089c35155ebca696da4033f90eeaa0b4ab81bccc690707","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.NI","cs.PF","math.OC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2024-03-21T19:13:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"1f46f53417015c1f2bc1f30c693d233e875a1a6eda92fe38c3942096e1481dd9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2403.14792","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2403.14792","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:59:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2403.14792v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:59:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2403.14792","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:59:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RDC3FFH2A6ZH","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:59:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RDC3FFH2A6ZHPZVZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:59:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RDC3FFH2","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:59:25Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:9acfc8a281cfe29cf72db3fdcdbe8c2dc98af4f66428c983aeab7518c6ac2bb5","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:59:25Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2403.14792/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"There has been a significant societal push towards sustainable practices, including in computing. Modern interactive workloads such as geo-distributed web-services exhibit various spatiotemporal and performance flexibility, enabling the possibility to adapt the location, time, and intensity of processing to align with the availability of renewable and low-carbon energy. An example is a web application hosted across multiple cloud regions, each with varying carbon intensity based on their local electricity mix. Distributed load-balancing enables the exploitation of low-carbon energy through loa","authors_text":"Abel Souza, Ahmed Ali-Eldin, Alexander Bridgwater, Axel Lundberg, Basundhara Chakrabarty, David Irwin, Filip Skogh, Prashant Shenoy, Shruti Jasoria","cross_cats":["cs.NI","cs.PF","math.OC"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2024-03-21T19:13:15Z","title":"CASPER: Carbon-Aware Scheduling and Provisioning for Distributed Web Services"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2403.14792","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f6509bebb44862b0acd433ec4f80dd7a7696f279a888ed4c4163f1a3133c988e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:59:25Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"984c6e6e496d392a8c089c35155ebca696da4033f90eeaa0b4ab81bccc690707","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.NI","cs.PF","math.OC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2024-03-21T19:13:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"1f46f53417015c1f2bc1f30c693d233e875a1a6eda92fe38c3942096e1481dd9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2403.14792","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"88c5b294fa07b277e6b951b12bed4b2459b076719d57c60e301300db7f3e83dc","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"88c5b294fa07b277e6b951b12bed4b2459b076719d57c60e301300db7f3e83dc","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:59:25.950773Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:59:25.950773Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"4Mcjec18P2d1XMekWt7HyP9mL9InQAcsLPqCmrOLfAxUipGVEXFIGZnPOKxwLKcfYeiyILFMEOI+dlM03b3ADA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:59:25.951189Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2403.14792","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f6509bebb44862b0acd433ec4f80dd7a7696f279a888ed4c4163f1a3133c988e","sha256:9acfc8a281cfe29cf72db3fdcdbe8c2dc98af4f66428c983aeab7518c6ac2bb5"],"state_sha256":"f9d20c067f971b117725dcea1124c0529a64e4facf8ead59116551fbfa75c84f"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"GOpzjMd1v8zMuQ3pPYoyaLwRrjIFH/4AQluAuSaSSVIgbM6XiUao6vo6xrvuy5+RCnLWnhSfhzbDsvEiaTs2Bw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T00:17:29.361125Z","bundle_sha256":"1673e9fce9b1750ba00e9385b013f637a27dd756ac3b2b9e2132133061934bb0"}}