{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1998:RGTGYHO56W3O4NBRJXY2UJJQDD","short_pith_number":"pith:RGTGYHO5","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9808079","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1998-08-09T13:43:50Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"5d59155be5e67a8ac059e47cd0c245cfc991614929b120725b10ea4a20847def","abstract_canon_sha256":"2a60364b98c3c8773ed2b2d67f86aa154b2d2f9370406974177db5420c62c0d5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"89a66c1dddf5b6ee34314df1aa253018d011ed2a30883367876b22598cfea10a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"astro-ph/9808079","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/9808079","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/9808079v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9808079","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RGTGYHO56W3O","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RGTGYHO56W3O4NBR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RGTGYHO5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:1998:RGTGYHO56W3O4NBRJXY2UJJQDD","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9808079","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1998-08-09T13:43:50Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"5d59155be5e67a8ac059e47cd0c245cfc991614929b120725b10ea4a20847def","abstract_canon_sha256":"2a60364b98c3c8773ed2b2d67f86aa154b2d2f9370406974177db5420c62c0d5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"89a66c1dddf5b6ee34314df1aa253018d011ed2a30883367876b22598cfea10a","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:37.154594Z","signature_b64":"AH3tdfmcYBaWnUWB9UhxaUW131XvCYv/4/QUNHr7yxi0FBvXv6OoserXsSqqgA0aQzbs7LneuhOPo2Vh3CCLBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"89a66c1dddf5b6ee34314df1aa253018d011ed2a30883367876b22598cfea10a","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:37.153931Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:37.153931Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"astro-ph/9808079","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"EyGL76nawWG+mXVPrv9FoP7DWRB5lW3qNNHW/rqlnOi5ULf6xkjW50fAtrKrVVy/j5aYzT56VmiRkuyyZa9EBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-02T22:57:36.363333Z"},"content_sha256":"502227c125f249dfddd3d3206abf2da89971ffac8cce88bbbbba0edf1e4263fc","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:502227c125f249dfddd3d3206abf2da89971ffac8cce88bbbbba0edf1e4263fc"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:1998:RGTGYHO56W3O4NBRJXY2UJJQDD","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Chemical Enrichment at High Redshifts","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"Pushpa Khare, Snigdha Das","submitted_at":"1998-08-09T13:43:50Z","abstract_excerpt":"We have tried to understand the recent observations related to metallicity in Ly $\\alpha$ forest clouds in the framework of the two component model suggested by Chiba & Nath (1997). We find that even if the mini-halos were chemically enriched by an earlier generation of stars, to have [C/H] $\\simeq$ -2.5, the number of C IV lines with column density $>10^{12} cm^{-2}$, contributed by the mini-halos, at the redshift of 3, would be only about 10% of the total number of lines, for a chemical enrichment rate of $(1+z)^{-3}$ in the galaxies. Recently reported absence of heavy element lines associat"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9808079","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"NKV6kK8pzFzreDqLCGCCe023v6cNPRB2NxnkwB3C1i95gWzGVZOPsHuAiII58kUtxapdbah+O05Q+ahtYTglBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-02T22:57:36.363691Z"},"content_sha256":"f9c828c94f6ae06a8eb205c707fb587eb1a34fffc19821a968da83cedcc0e800","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f9c828c94f6ae06a8eb205c707fb587eb1a34fffc19821a968da83cedcc0e800"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RGTGYHO56W3O4NBRJXY2UJJQDD/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RGTGYHO56W3O4NBRJXY2UJJQDD/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RGTGYHO56W3O4NBRJXY2UJJQDD/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-02T22:57:36Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/RGTGYHO56W3O4NBRJXY2UJJQDD","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/RGTGYHO56W3O4NBRJXY2UJJQDD/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/RGTGYHO56W3O4NBRJXY2UJJQDD/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RGTGYHO56W3O4NBRJXY2UJJQDD/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1998:RGTGYHO56W3O4NBRJXY2UJJQDD","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2a60364b98c3c8773ed2b2d67f86aa154b2d2f9370406974177db5420c62c0d5","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1998-08-09T13:43:50Z","title_canon_sha256":"5d59155be5e67a8ac059e47cd0c245cfc991614929b120725b10ea4a20847def"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/9808079","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/9808079","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/9808079v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9808079","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RGTGYHO56W3O","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RGTGYHO56W3O4NBR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RGTGYHO5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:f9c828c94f6ae06a8eb205c707fb587eb1a34fffc19821a968da83cedcc0e800","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We have tried to understand the recent observations related to metallicity in Ly $\\alpha$ forest clouds in the framework of the two component model suggested by Chiba & Nath (1997). We find that even if the mini-halos were chemically enriched by an earlier generation of stars, to have [C/H] $\\simeq$ -2.5, the number of C IV lines with column density $>10^{12} cm^{-2}$, contributed by the mini-halos, at the redshift of 3, would be only about 10% of the total number of lines, for a chemical enrichment rate of $(1+z)^{-3}$ in the galaxies. Recently reported absence of heavy element lines associat","authors_text":"Pushpa Khare, Snigdha Das","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1998-08-09T13:43:50Z","title":"Chemical Enrichment at High Redshifts"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9808079","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:502227c125f249dfddd3d3206abf2da89971ffac8cce88bbbbba0edf1e4263fc","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2a60364b98c3c8773ed2b2d67f86aa154b2d2f9370406974177db5420c62c0d5","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1998-08-09T13:43:50Z","title_canon_sha256":"5d59155be5e67a8ac059e47cd0c245cfc991614929b120725b10ea4a20847def"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/9808079","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"89a66c1dddf5b6ee34314df1aa253018d011ed2a30883367876b22598cfea10a","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"89a66c1dddf5b6ee34314df1aa253018d011ed2a30883367876b22598cfea10a","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:37.153931Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:37.153931Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"AH3tdfmcYBaWnUWB9UhxaUW131XvCYv/4/QUNHr7yxi0FBvXv6OoserXsSqqgA0aQzbs7LneuhOPo2Vh3CCLBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:37.154594Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"astro-ph/9808079","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:502227c125f249dfddd3d3206abf2da89971ffac8cce88bbbbba0edf1e4263fc","sha256:f9c828c94f6ae06a8eb205c707fb587eb1a34fffc19821a968da83cedcc0e800"],"state_sha256":"a6914916b8a352d248a78af90357e4cad3ad2dd8878f3f069e598cbf6b30a9b2"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"1R2tF+pZfB+xPCD7EsKGEVUJ1gYvmLco62YzJ3xicO0FAKeA8CJJzS1M6z8+8dna+hfCmH+OSEpRhk0HxH8ZBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-02T22:57:36.368236Z","bundle_sha256":"4ec1dc0b0d4a500833051b21ae371262f8bd567d09afb9d58b3fff9e29417300"}}