{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2014:RHUOE2OFDT66QFNEECBBESODVK","short_pith_number":"pith:RHUOE2OF","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"89e8e269c51cfde815a420821249c3aa9e57bfcf06f0ca86c10145dd8fc68c90","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1407.5363","version":2},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Where geography lives? A projection approach for spatial confounding","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"stat.ME","authors_text":"Erica C. Rodrigues, Marcos O. Prates, Renato M. Assun\\c{c}\\~ao","submitted_at":"2014-07-21T02:44:07Z","abstract_excerpt":"Spatial confounding between the spatial random effects and fixed effects covariates has been recently discovered and showed that it may bring misleading interpretation to the model results. Solutions to alleviate this problem are based on decomposing the spatial random effect and fitting a restricted spatial regression. In this paper, we propose a different approach: a transformation of the geographic space to ensure that the unobserved spatial random effect added to the regression is orthogonal to the fixed effects covariates. Our approach, named SPOCK, has the additional benefit of providing"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1407.5363","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2014-07-21T02:44:07Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"17c0a9282f20fbc862e4d716c2d517f613b11c55ffda55a0c3384b0720da8472","abstract_canon_sha256":"a0fa02b278134259db8da875d3883d72acc27c09ae69bd799204da957b2e0d01"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:14:53.435602Z","signature_b64":"VzyEookoJoqJLeGJTFkHbpq34IpQAC5eu/hD3fUJVFWYhy7u3mlJXWRMR6flofhloM0wE1LViYOmzx5ivSb2BQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"89e8e269c51cfde815a420821249c3aa9e57bfcf06f0ca86c10145dd8fc68c90","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:14:53.435047Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:14:53.435047Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Where geography lives? A projection approach for spatial confounding","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"stat.ME","authors_text":"Erica C. Rodrigues, Marcos O. Prates, Renato M. Assun\\c{c}\\~ao","submitted_at":"2014-07-21T02:44:07Z","abstract_excerpt":"Spatial confounding between the spatial random effects and fixed effects covariates has been recently discovered and showed that it may bring misleading interpretation to the model results. Solutions to alleviate this problem are based on decomposing the spatial random effect and fitting a restricted spatial regression. In this paper, we propose a different approach: a transformation of the geographic space to ensure that the unobserved spatial random effect added to the regression is orthogonal to the fixed effects covariates. Our approach, named SPOCK, has the additional benefit of providing"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1407.5363","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1407.5363","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:14:53.435111+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1407.5363v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:14:53.435111+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1407.5363","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:14:53.435111+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RHUOE2OFDT66","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:46.137349+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RHUOE2OFDT66QFNE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:46.137349+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RHUOE2OF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:46.137349+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/RHUOE2OFDT66QFNEECBBESODVK","json":"https://pith.science/pith/RHUOE2OFDT66QFNEECBBESODVK.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/RHUOE2OFDT66QFNEECBBESODVK/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/RHUOE2OFDT66QFNEECBBESODVK/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/RHUOE2OF"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/RHUOE2OFDT66QFNEECBBESODVK","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/RHUOE2OFDT66QFNEECBBESODVK.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/RHUOE2OF","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1407.5363&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/RHUOE2OFDT66QFNEECBBESODVK/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/RHUOE2OFDT66QFNEECBBESODVK/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/RHUOE2OFDT66QFNEECBBESODVK/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/RHUOE2OFDT66QFNEECBBESODVK/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/RHUOE2OFDT66QFNEECBBESODVK/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/RHUOE2OFDT66QFNEECBBESODVK/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/RHUOE2OFDT66QFNEECBBESODVK/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:14:53.435111+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T01:14:53.435111+00:00"}