{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:RPMNLK4F5UMTBJ544KPGHUVH5N","short_pith_number":"pith:RPMNLK4F","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1505.07187","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2015-05-27T04:46:37Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math.IT"],"title_canon_sha256":"e3656f50af007998358c64d559ed324fa22f2854e64e79bd1821453b312275fd","abstract_canon_sha256":"f5113a7cca98817f6d0c6f4d0ae604b7428a38f2633db1fe12847688daab7bbd"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8bd8d5ab85ed1930a7bce29e63d2a7eb45a312b7e3166d9847197861fdbfe908","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1505.07187","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1505.07187","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1505.07187v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1505.07187","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RPMNLK4F5UMT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RPMNLK4F5UMTBJ54","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RPMNLK4F","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:RPMNLK4F5UMTBJ544KPGHUVH5N","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1505.07187","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2015-05-27T04:46:37Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math.IT"],"title_canon_sha256":"e3656f50af007998358c64d559ed324fa22f2854e64e79bd1821453b312275fd","abstract_canon_sha256":"f5113a7cca98817f6d0c6f4d0ae604b7428a38f2633db1fe12847688daab7bbd"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8bd8d5ab85ed1930a7bce29e63d2a7eb45a312b7e3166d9847197861fdbfe908","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:07.212492Z","signature_b64":"c5IO5UfDBYB2X/TVgCZVY7ZIfR5Vi2OIyqRLqpPPc7teODwmIWuj0ZvcEqwHIR3OZqiNEi5y6c3oCg8q6KYPCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"8bd8d5ab85ed1930a7bce29e63d2a7eb45a312b7e3166d9847197861fdbfe908","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:07.211697Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:07.211697Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1505.07187","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:07Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"mgoQflG51gxmdPfexBvjSLGFdKX76vZ09wRVVlf0txta/RnhGvNW110tjn/wrEdopyJfBrrsqquSxVt+lEd/BA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-23T09:04:48.608843Z"},"content_sha256":"9cced14c27c8c5b7cbdc98fae07354f070fbaabdc873838e1283ad2def89e2f3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9cced14c27c8c5b7cbdc98fae07354f070fbaabdc873838e1283ad2def89e2f3"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:RPMNLK4F5UMTBJ544KPGHUVH5N","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Is Massive MIMO Energy Efficient?","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["math.IT"],"primary_cat":"cs.IT","authors_text":"Chenyang Yang, Shengqian Han, Wenjia Liu","submitted_at":"2015-05-27T04:46:37Z","abstract_excerpt":"Massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) can support high spectral efficiency (SE) with simple linear transceivers, and is expected to provide high energy efficiency (EE). In this paper, we analyze the EE of downlink multi-cell massive MIMO systems under spatially correlated channel model, where both transmit and circuit power consumptions, training overhead, channel estimation and pilot contamination (PC) are taken into account. We obtain the maximal EE for the systems with maximum-ratio transmission (MRT) and zero-forcing beamforming (ZFBF) for given number of antennas and users by optimizing"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1505.07187","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:07Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6pknNJY4plw2SEW8EO2IS0hctc3vmndxJ6sEJg6KjxDsKWN7nQR/DgOy7W8SOYAtIT197axFV4qPy3FQD4WzDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-23T09:04:48.609185Z"},"content_sha256":"7446184d1a06fac0e76939760022dda691170f2b59b4432cf1a8fa0392c6118b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7446184d1a06fac0e76939760022dda691170f2b59b4432cf1a8fa0392c6118b"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RPMNLK4F5UMTBJ544KPGHUVH5N/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/RPMNLK4F5UMTBJ544KPGHUVH5N/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RPMNLK4F5UMTBJ544KPGHUVH5N/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-23T09:04:48Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/RPMNLK4F5UMTBJ544KPGHUVH5N","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/RPMNLK4F5UMTBJ544KPGHUVH5N/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/RPMNLK4F5UMTBJ544KPGHUVH5N/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/RPMNLK4F5UMTBJ544KPGHUVH5N/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:RPMNLK4F5UMTBJ544KPGHUVH5N","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f5113a7cca98817f6d0c6f4d0ae604b7428a38f2633db1fe12847688daab7bbd","cross_cats_sorted":["math.IT"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2015-05-27T04:46:37Z","title_canon_sha256":"e3656f50af007998358c64d559ed324fa22f2854e64e79bd1821453b312275fd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1505.07187","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1505.07187","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1505.07187v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1505.07187","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"RPMNLK4F5UMT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"RPMNLK4F5UMTBJ54","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"RPMNLK4F","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:39Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:7446184d1a06fac0e76939760022dda691170f2b59b4432cf1a8fa0392c6118b","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:07Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) can support high spectral efficiency (SE) with simple linear transceivers, and is expected to provide high energy efficiency (EE). In this paper, we analyze the EE of downlink multi-cell massive MIMO systems under spatially correlated channel model, where both transmit and circuit power consumptions, training overhead, channel estimation and pilot contamination (PC) are taken into account. We obtain the maximal EE for the systems with maximum-ratio transmission (MRT) and zero-forcing beamforming (ZFBF) for given number of antennas and users by optimizing","authors_text":"Chenyang Yang, Shengqian Han, Wenjia Liu","cross_cats":["math.IT"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2015-05-27T04:46:37Z","title":"Is Massive MIMO Energy Efficient?"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1505.07187","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:9cced14c27c8c5b7cbdc98fae07354f070fbaabdc873838e1283ad2def89e2f3","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:07Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f5113a7cca98817f6d0c6f4d0ae604b7428a38f2633db1fe12847688daab7bbd","cross_cats_sorted":["math.IT"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2015-05-27T04:46:37Z","title_canon_sha256":"e3656f50af007998358c64d559ed324fa22f2854e64e79bd1821453b312275fd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1505.07187","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"8bd8d5ab85ed1930a7bce29e63d2a7eb45a312b7e3166d9847197861fdbfe908","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"8bd8d5ab85ed1930a7bce29e63d2a7eb45a312b7e3166d9847197861fdbfe908","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:07.211697Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:07.211697Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"c5IO5UfDBYB2X/TVgCZVY7ZIfR5Vi2OIyqRLqpPPc7teODwmIWuj0ZvcEqwHIR3OZqiNEi5y6c3oCg8q6KYPCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:02:07.212492Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1505.07187","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:9cced14c27c8c5b7cbdc98fae07354f070fbaabdc873838e1283ad2def89e2f3","sha256:7446184d1a06fac0e76939760022dda691170f2b59b4432cf1a8fa0392c6118b"],"state_sha256":"3aaf31f3ce67cf9461ed8f9cc8fd9c7489f20645e939efd81dec21c65a440ec3"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"z6/DwevSZ1ct8wmCuCxk4bvKIDLx3mp6YGsHBQXSyqrV+/l+uE2O4K2SNN+23i4Gqkk/UlNbwvglEz2WAk0uBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-23T09:04:48.611354Z","bundle_sha256":"4514c791051bb1d6adcaec51b95f041748ea4ffada97ef31b46d82e346a7a0c3"}}