{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:SC6D3XF62MKMUWSZNLXPCU4B5K","short_pith_number":"pith:SC6D3XF6","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2306.12234","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2023-06-21T12:53:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"9add7d0314ef3cb42bdad4c458b7f32f7179a68a0c8292ee08e73762ac0215bd","abstract_canon_sha256":"2eb4fa78dc5fa408f7358a2df505a2e805808be02aa16899c940901b72b38ef5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"90bc3ddcbed314ca5a596aeef15381eaa6d09515b1686e8c9499c98c1a8d3185","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2306.12234","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2306.12234","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:14:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2306.12234v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:14:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2306.12234","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:14:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SC6D3XF62MKM","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:14:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SC6D3XF62MKMUWSZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:14:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SC6D3XF6","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:14:49Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:SC6D3XF62MKMUWSZNLXPCU4B5K","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2306.12234","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2023-06-21T12:53:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"9add7d0314ef3cb42bdad4c458b7f32f7179a68a0c8292ee08e73762ac0215bd","abstract_canon_sha256":"2eb4fa78dc5fa408f7358a2df505a2e805808be02aa16899c940901b72b38ef5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"90bc3ddcbed314ca5a596aeef15381eaa6d09515b1686e8c9499c98c1a8d3185","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:14:49.248453Z","signature_b64":"O3emFBZ1XwyMFRNJ+u1kP4l4pW606WQyeNiFk70h5dovgMb2L985ow8/0zKNh0CunZiU+qqFdSr348GlHf8xBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"90bc3ddcbed314ca5a596aeef15381eaa6d09515b1686e8c9499c98c1a8d3185","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:14:49.247947Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:14:49.247947Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2306.12234","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:14:49Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"aalEVNF/urRLPbu0ZWDxBLWhoSPi5uUUsyfaFQUcvfGRZg4v35TmGo8w7uS/GY3Bmwk/CRW4fNgHDR3s8p+HBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T03:48:27.328305Z"},"content_sha256":"9c7babc4e827f76b4ebff5179129c2096116906f4ea49814e0c4723704caf10e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9c7babc4e827f76b4ebff5179129c2096116906f4ea49814e0c4723704caf10e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:SC6D3XF62MKMUWSZNLXPCU4B5K","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Practical approaches to analyzing PTA data: Cosmic strings with six pulsars","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","hep-th"],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"A. Berthereau, A. Franchini, A. G. Lyne, A. Jessner, A. Parthasarathy, A. Petiteau, A. Possenti, A. Samajdar, A.-S. Bak Nielsen, A. Sesana, Aur\\'elien Chalumeau, A. Vecchio, B. B. P. Perera, B. Goncharov, B. W. Stappers, C. G. Bassa, C. Tiburzi, Dani\\`ele A. Steer, D. Izquierdo-Villalba, D. J. Champion, D. Perrodin, E. Bortolas, E. F. Keane, E. Graikou, E. van der Wateren, F. Iraci, G. Desvignes, G. H. Janssen, G. Shaifullah, G. Theureau, H. Hu, Hippolyte Quelquejay Leclere, I. C. Ni\\c{t}u, I. Cognard, J. Antoniadis, J. Jang, J. Jawor, J.-M. Grie{\\ss}meier, J. P. W. Verbiest, J. R. Gair, J. Wang, J. W. McKee, K. J. Lee, K. Lackeos, K. Liu, L. Guillemot, L. Speri, L. Wang, M. A. Krishnakumar, M. B. Mickaliger, M. Bonetti, M. Burgay, M. Falxa, M. J. Keith, M. Kramer, N. K. Porayko, Pierre Auclair, P. R. Brook, R. A. Main, R. D. Ferdman, R. Karuppusamy, R. N. Caballero, R. Spiewak, S. A. Sanidas, S. Chanlaridis, S. Chen, S. C. Susarla, Stanislav Babak, V. Venkatraman Krishnan, Y. J. Guo, Y. Liu, Z. Wu","submitted_at":"2023-06-21T12:53:02Z","abstract_excerpt":"We search for a stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) generated by a network of cosmic strings using six millisecond pulsars from Data Release 2 (DR2) of the European Pulsar Timing Array (EPTA). We perform a Bayesian analysis considering two models for the network of cosmic string loops, and compare it to a simple power-law model which is expected from the population of supermassive black hole binaries. Our main strong assumption is that the previously reported common red noise process is a SGWB. We find that the one-parameter cosmic string model is slightly favored over a power-law "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2306.12234","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2306.12234/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:14:49Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"GWTW6xsD6C2L3Vv5+DpkwBl6v3inU4gbDXTx/ZU0NU/I8osBAx6G/Di2PG+nlJVBfl4/Te4SVnSAq7UM9IEHBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T03:48:27.328762Z"},"content_sha256":"64bc4b455c9f3b8408ef852c790974e1d884027ccd0ed7797a47254f7041f9db","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:64bc4b455c9f3b8408ef852c790974e1d884027ccd0ed7797a47254f7041f9db"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SC6D3XF62MKMUWSZNLXPCU4B5K/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SC6D3XF62MKMUWSZNLXPCU4B5K/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SC6D3XF62MKMUWSZNLXPCU4B5K/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-07T03:48:27Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/SC6D3XF62MKMUWSZNLXPCU4B5K","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/SC6D3XF62MKMUWSZNLXPCU4B5K/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/SC6D3XF62MKMUWSZNLXPCU4B5K/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SC6D3XF62MKMUWSZNLXPCU4B5K/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:SC6D3XF62MKMUWSZNLXPCU4B5K","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2eb4fa78dc5fa408f7358a2df505a2e805808be02aa16899c940901b72b38ef5","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","hep-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2023-06-21T12:53:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"9add7d0314ef3cb42bdad4c458b7f32f7179a68a0c8292ee08e73762ac0215bd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2306.12234","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2306.12234","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:14:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2306.12234v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:14:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2306.12234","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:14:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SC6D3XF62MKM","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:14:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SC6D3XF62MKMUWSZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:14:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SC6D3XF6","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:14:49Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:64bc4b455c9f3b8408ef852c790974e1d884027ccd0ed7797a47254f7041f9db","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:14:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2306.12234/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We search for a stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) generated by a network of cosmic strings using six millisecond pulsars from Data Release 2 (DR2) of the European Pulsar Timing Array (EPTA). We perform a Bayesian analysis considering two models for the network of cosmic string loops, and compare it to a simple power-law model which is expected from the population of supermassive black hole binaries. Our main strong assumption is that the previously reported common red noise process is a SGWB. We find that the one-parameter cosmic string model is slightly favored over a power-law ","authors_text":"A. Berthereau, A. Franchini, A. G. Lyne, A. Jessner, A. Parthasarathy, A. Petiteau, A. Possenti, A. Samajdar, A.-S. Bak Nielsen, A. Sesana, Aur\\'elien Chalumeau, A. Vecchio, B. B. P. Perera, B. Goncharov, B. W. Stappers, C. G. Bassa, C. Tiburzi, Dani\\`ele A. Steer, D. Izquierdo-Villalba, D. J. Champion, D. Perrodin, E. Bortolas, E. F. Keane, E. Graikou, E. van der Wateren, F. Iraci, G. Desvignes, G. H. Janssen, G. Shaifullah, G. Theureau, H. Hu, Hippolyte Quelquejay Leclere, I. C. Ni\\c{t}u, I. Cognard, J. Antoniadis, J. Jang, J. Jawor, J.-M. Grie{\\ss}meier, J. P. W. Verbiest, J. R. Gair, J. Wang, J. W. McKee, K. J. Lee, K. Lackeos, K. Liu, L. Guillemot, L. Speri, L. Wang, M. A. Krishnakumar, M. B. Mickaliger, M. Bonetti, M. Burgay, M. Falxa, M. J. Keith, M. Kramer, N. K. Porayko, Pierre Auclair, P. R. Brook, R. A. Main, R. D. Ferdman, R. Karuppusamy, R. N. Caballero, R. Spiewak, S. A. Sanidas, S. Chanlaridis, S. Chen, S. C. Susarla, Stanislav Babak, V. Venkatraman Krishnan, Y. J. Guo, Y. Liu, Z. Wu","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","hep-th"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2023-06-21T12:53:02Z","title":"Practical approaches to analyzing PTA data: Cosmic strings with six pulsars"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2306.12234","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:9c7babc4e827f76b4ebff5179129c2096116906f4ea49814e0c4723704caf10e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:14:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2eb4fa78dc5fa408f7358a2df505a2e805808be02aa16899c940901b72b38ef5","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","hep-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2023-06-21T12:53:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"9add7d0314ef3cb42bdad4c458b7f32f7179a68a0c8292ee08e73762ac0215bd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2306.12234","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"90bc3ddcbed314ca5a596aeef15381eaa6d09515b1686e8c9499c98c1a8d3185","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"90bc3ddcbed314ca5a596aeef15381eaa6d09515b1686e8c9499c98c1a8d3185","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:14:49.247947Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:14:49.247947Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"O3emFBZ1XwyMFRNJ+u1kP4l4pW606WQyeNiFk70h5dovgMb2L985ow8/0zKNh0CunZiU+qqFdSr348GlHf8xBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:14:49.248453Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2306.12234","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:9c7babc4e827f76b4ebff5179129c2096116906f4ea49814e0c4723704caf10e","sha256:64bc4b455c9f3b8408ef852c790974e1d884027ccd0ed7797a47254f7041f9db"],"state_sha256":"a120fc3c6844244bea6881b8277fbb2ecc727150a8f0885ed061a782394cb2f6"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"XbwFet3xurAQJ+/gQlqGVwQE00pwPmFaQGCgDtboKglKLjbs1h/wmBMKJ9uOtYO//3LaY6XEoJN0PpBH6dolCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T03:48:27.330865Z","bundle_sha256":"455e9fe36db88da2f5975a0058332c7efe46807a7c9500e7053ea6991a07dd89"}}