{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:SGNVB45NRILGB2DBC45ZTZRW2S","short_pith_number":"pith:SGNVB45N","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1512.08187","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2015-12-27T09:16:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"7ff1946e1c448c535e4cc9daedf73caa33de5bb83c8af3407f3336a484372dc4","abstract_canon_sha256":"cf08c31146fa59e384f9ef796d7a75f6c18abb9fc466ea59af93d7bf5037705b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"919b50f3ad8a1660e861173b99e636d49b23bdce309ee2bdcdc28281beb8842e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1512.08187","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1512.08187","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1512.08187v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1512.08187","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SGNVB45NRILG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SGNVB45NRILGB2DB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SGNVB45N","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:42Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:SGNVB45NRILGB2DBC45ZTZRW2S","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1512.08187","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2015-12-27T09:16:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"7ff1946e1c448c535e4cc9daedf73caa33de5bb83c8af3407f3336a484372dc4","abstract_canon_sha256":"cf08c31146fa59e384f9ef796d7a75f6c18abb9fc466ea59af93d7bf5037705b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"919b50f3ad8a1660e861173b99e636d49b23bdce309ee2bdcdc28281beb8842e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:41.529660Z","signature_b64":"xutqQqzQcY4uAXRrx1a/FG3t4/qUXQ6HLczcdT+yvUduBFuvJvPuBDly300nXEdcMTvga8RTGZtAgAbFegMMAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"919b50f3ad8a1660e861173b99e636d49b23bdce309ee2bdcdc28281beb8842e","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:41.529019Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:41.529019Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1512.08187","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:41Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"o1k7giBiAvTYf1TtL7M277HX3fAoVZfQOQeCfMPiI58zrOlfSkCM3RngL/S4eXgnH2S9j5JSEcdROX0Z32tuCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-29T12:02:46.809073Z"},"content_sha256":"945625c14a7c7985cccd4dc99392586c87ade5e9b4979fd71e6c5de36932d2a9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:945625c14a7c7985cccd4dc99392586c87ade5e9b4979fd71e6c5de36932d2a9"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:SGNVB45NRILGB2DBC45ZTZRW2S","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"DDoS Attacks in Cloud Computing: Issues, Taxonomy, and Future Directions","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Dheeraj Sanghi, Gaurav Somani, Manoj Singh Gaur, Mauro Conti, Rajkumar Buyya","submitted_at":"2015-12-27T09:16:20Z","abstract_excerpt":"Security issues related to the cloud computing are relevant to various stakeholders for an informed cloud adoption decision. Apart from data breaches, the cyber security research community is revisiting the attack space for cloud-specific solutions as these issues affect budget, resource management, and service quality. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack is one such serious attack in the cloud space. In this paper, we present developments related to DDoS attack mitigation solutions in the cloud. In particular, we present a comprehensive survey with a detailed insight into the characte"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1512.08187","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:41Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"1+dfTmWG3dw+g1nMocBrw48sGWtnl5WvinHuhsfF1h8XA1o0WLjry3TpiAmiCbeFN3vvuo4Cv0lQDAsKh95mDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-29T12:02:46.809416Z"},"content_sha256":"58d919aad229482043f8dd1a10d30bbc46cbb2ca3f9926da8c5114efdbdb39f3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:58d919aad229482043f8dd1a10d30bbc46cbb2ca3f9926da8c5114efdbdb39f3"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SGNVB45NRILGB2DBC45ZTZRW2S/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SGNVB45NRILGB2DBC45ZTZRW2S/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SGNVB45NRILGB2DBC45ZTZRW2S/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-29T12:02:46Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/SGNVB45NRILGB2DBC45ZTZRW2S","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/SGNVB45NRILGB2DBC45ZTZRW2S/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/SGNVB45NRILGB2DBC45ZTZRW2S/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SGNVB45NRILGB2DBC45ZTZRW2S/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:SGNVB45NRILGB2DBC45ZTZRW2S","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cf08c31146fa59e384f9ef796d7a75f6c18abb9fc466ea59af93d7bf5037705b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2015-12-27T09:16:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"7ff1946e1c448c535e4cc9daedf73caa33de5bb83c8af3407f3336a484372dc4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1512.08187","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1512.08187","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1512.08187v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1512.08187","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SGNVB45NRILG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SGNVB45NRILGB2DB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SGNVB45N","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:42Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:58d919aad229482043f8dd1a10d30bbc46cbb2ca3f9926da8c5114efdbdb39f3","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:41Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Security issues related to the cloud computing are relevant to various stakeholders for an informed cloud adoption decision. Apart from data breaches, the cyber security research community is revisiting the attack space for cloud-specific solutions as these issues affect budget, resource management, and service quality. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack is one such serious attack in the cloud space. In this paper, we present developments related to DDoS attack mitigation solutions in the cloud. In particular, we present a comprehensive survey with a detailed insight into the characte","authors_text":"Dheeraj Sanghi, Gaurav Somani, Manoj Singh Gaur, Mauro Conti, Rajkumar Buyya","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2015-12-27T09:16:20Z","title":"DDoS Attacks in Cloud Computing: Issues, Taxonomy, and Future Directions"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1512.08187","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:945625c14a7c7985cccd4dc99392586c87ade5e9b4979fd71e6c5de36932d2a9","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:41Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cf08c31146fa59e384f9ef796d7a75f6c18abb9fc466ea59af93d7bf5037705b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2015-12-27T09:16:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"7ff1946e1c448c535e4cc9daedf73caa33de5bb83c8af3407f3336a484372dc4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1512.08187","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"919b50f3ad8a1660e861173b99e636d49b23bdce309ee2bdcdc28281beb8842e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"919b50f3ad8a1660e861173b99e636d49b23bdce309ee2bdcdc28281beb8842e","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:41.529019Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:41.529019Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"xutqQqzQcY4uAXRrx1a/FG3t4/qUXQ6HLczcdT+yvUduBFuvJvPuBDly300nXEdcMTvga8RTGZtAgAbFegMMAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:36:41.529660Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1512.08187","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:945625c14a7c7985cccd4dc99392586c87ade5e9b4979fd71e6c5de36932d2a9","sha256:58d919aad229482043f8dd1a10d30bbc46cbb2ca3f9926da8c5114efdbdb39f3"],"state_sha256":"c7b88a6482c8bf2bbec7ea6db33ee0978c10dd601a53c166e38753ed3b25f252"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"jbH4lmg7dDipymKgm+qPXkMilw462fz5JDM+vmWA04wdqE+RjIpsVBPgQkiA0sf/sdNm1lCVa49axIVkyPgICQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-29T12:02:46.811233Z","bundle_sha256":"1519f838f8385aeaf926152ac2db53b23f447c33a5700d8993375c1e5398ae5c"}}