{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:SQT7SUJT2UZCFIIQFJDHCBMSPM","short_pith_number":"pith:SQT7SUJT","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2107.02586","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.IV","submitted_at":"2021-07-06T12:57:32Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"c79604de8080e606cb55261311477974efc70853e8d50d9595e661af0bce1a5b","abstract_canon_sha256":"22bcd49df570099f0528915aeaf70d1c22fa61908d1d04b539c3c189bda0010a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9427f95133d53222a1102a467105927b189bc558b805d2bfdd54f3ef13f5876d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2107.02586","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2107.02586","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2107.02586v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2107.02586","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SQT7SUJT2UZC","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SQT7SUJT2UZCFIIQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SQT7SUJT","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:22Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:SQT7SUJT2UZCFIIQFJDHCBMSPM","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2107.02586","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.IV","submitted_at":"2021-07-06T12:57:32Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"c79604de8080e606cb55261311477974efc70853e8d50d9595e661af0bce1a5b","abstract_canon_sha256":"22bcd49df570099f0528915aeaf70d1c22fa61908d1d04b539c3c189bda0010a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9427f95133d53222a1102a467105927b189bc558b805d2bfdd54f3ef13f5876d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:22.328291Z","signature_b64":"6+433BFr73OVCQdS8vkeGNzVO6DgeW7tOpvnf+GIRBINxCzYx9dztnFTjGMUoUmcOQmzPDnJtFgZ3MkNsp9wBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"9427f95133d53222a1102a467105927b189bc558b805d2bfdd54f3ef13f5876d","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:22.327653Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:22.327653Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2107.02586","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:22Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"04VeztVXJeIwJDoD6uYHaOsj62K2YFGJpPXCBfx76TyI5nX0n+MyphSviBMbBMuVFpaO/9/MEgoRbrBcZt8oBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T03:19:16.241480Z"},"content_sha256":"8d21c416394bb7cedbe84d160c02341335abd3ed29499272891e566690401a4e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8d21c416394bb7cedbe84d160c02341335abd3ed29499272891e566690401a4e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:SQT7SUJT2UZCFIIQFJDHCBMSPM","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Differentially private federated deep learning for multi-site medical image segmentation","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CV","cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"eess.IV","authors_text":"Alexander Ziller, Daniel Rueckert, Dmitrii Usynin, Georgios Kaissis, Marcus Makowski, Moritz Knolle, Nicolas Remerscheid, Rickmer Braren","submitted_at":"2021-07-06T12:57:32Z","abstract_excerpt":"Collaborative machine learning techniques such as federated learning (FL) enable the training of models on effectively larger datasets without data transfer. Recent initiatives have demonstrated that segmentation models trained with FL can achieve performance similar to locally trained models. However, FL is not a fully privacy-preserving technique and privacy-centred attacks can disclose confidential patient data. Thus, supplementing FL with privacy-enhancing technologies (PTs) such as differential privacy (DP) is a requirement for clinical applications in a multi-institutional setting. The a"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2107.02586","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2107.02586/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:22Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"47eViE2UnlHc8oHuSzNZka8yFExqVgJlmQ0uQ9NVpsViZjXWeUlCgp4a5s2S+T2EXTJ6b8X0eZlrBNNpxKouBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T03:19:16.242263Z"},"content_sha256":"63bdacafd46873f4e2fc4269b898185a842dbe205cc4365daaa81f803511ddfb","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:63bdacafd46873f4e2fc4269b898185a842dbe205cc4365daaa81f803511ddfb"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SQT7SUJT2UZCFIIQFJDHCBMSPM/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SQT7SUJT2UZCFIIQFJDHCBMSPM/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SQT7SUJT2UZCFIIQFJDHCBMSPM/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-17T03:19:16Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/SQT7SUJT2UZCFIIQFJDHCBMSPM","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/SQT7SUJT2UZCFIIQFJDHCBMSPM/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/SQT7SUJT2UZCFIIQFJDHCBMSPM/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SQT7SUJT2UZCFIIQFJDHCBMSPM/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:SQT7SUJT2UZCFIIQFJDHCBMSPM","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"22bcd49df570099f0528915aeaf70d1c22fa61908d1d04b539c3c189bda0010a","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV","cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.IV","submitted_at":"2021-07-06T12:57:32Z","title_canon_sha256":"c79604de8080e606cb55261311477974efc70853e8d50d9595e661af0bce1a5b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2107.02586","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2107.02586","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2107.02586v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2107.02586","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SQT7SUJT2UZC","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SQT7SUJT2UZCFIIQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SQT7SUJT","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:22Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:63bdacafd46873f4e2fc4269b898185a842dbe205cc4365daaa81f803511ddfb","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:22Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2107.02586/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Collaborative machine learning techniques such as federated learning (FL) enable the training of models on effectively larger datasets without data transfer. Recent initiatives have demonstrated that segmentation models trained with FL can achieve performance similar to locally trained models. However, FL is not a fully privacy-preserving technique and privacy-centred attacks can disclose confidential patient data. Thus, supplementing FL with privacy-enhancing technologies (PTs) such as differential privacy (DP) is a requirement for clinical applications in a multi-institutional setting. The a","authors_text":"Alexander Ziller, Daniel Rueckert, Dmitrii Usynin, Georgios Kaissis, Marcus Makowski, Moritz Knolle, Nicolas Remerscheid, Rickmer Braren","cross_cats":["cs.CV","cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.IV","submitted_at":"2021-07-06T12:57:32Z","title":"Differentially private federated deep learning for multi-site medical image segmentation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2107.02586","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:8d21c416394bb7cedbe84d160c02341335abd3ed29499272891e566690401a4e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:22Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"22bcd49df570099f0528915aeaf70d1c22fa61908d1d04b539c3c189bda0010a","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV","cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.IV","submitted_at":"2021-07-06T12:57:32Z","title_canon_sha256":"c79604de8080e606cb55261311477974efc70853e8d50d9595e661af0bce1a5b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2107.02586","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"9427f95133d53222a1102a467105927b189bc558b805d2bfdd54f3ef13f5876d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"9427f95133d53222a1102a467105927b189bc558b805d2bfdd54f3ef13f5876d","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:22.327653Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:22.327653Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"6+433BFr73OVCQdS8vkeGNzVO6DgeW7tOpvnf+GIRBINxCzYx9dztnFTjGMUoUmcOQmzPDnJtFgZ3MkNsp9wBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:22.328291Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2107.02586","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:8d21c416394bb7cedbe84d160c02341335abd3ed29499272891e566690401a4e","sha256:63bdacafd46873f4e2fc4269b898185a842dbe205cc4365daaa81f803511ddfb"],"state_sha256":"1afb2e7fa814ed9eef103e5a26ab16c73548c388fc2989a902ce37d14e09257f"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"x6xmxUnr4F4VH/MeDp7vQ7aZYuM4Y2KgcJEsC4flKg/E16eHQpWDz/KgdGBP3vLiMCZiZF+qjeAnQJHi1ep7AA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T03:19:16.248800Z","bundle_sha256":"ec3ec8984ec56f12707de73e258f2f6f1eb803a32b1dba3e7d7a733ec0ca08a6"}}