{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:SRT6JN5WVYU2PFCM2U5XLVZSFK","short_pith_number":"pith:SRT6JN5W","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1410.7529","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2014-10-28T06:33:07Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"title_canon_sha256":"ae9b93a0427c6df6918775b33889d356fd98d5a0de13069f6a8536fccdc7c8f1","abstract_canon_sha256":"cd42002c4adf0ddfc04393b997c4619f4fdae889cd4757550f5f5919a6dd48aa"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9467e4b7b6ae29a7944cd53b75d7322ab9485a4a2171ba248fca86936a30685b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1410.7529","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1410.7529","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1410.7529v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1410.7529","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SRT6JN5WVYU2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SRT6JN5WVYU2PFCM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SRT6JN5W","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:49Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:SRT6JN5WVYU2PFCM2U5XLVZSFK","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1410.7529","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2014-10-28T06:33:07Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"title_canon_sha256":"ae9b93a0427c6df6918775b33889d356fd98d5a0de13069f6a8536fccdc7c8f1","abstract_canon_sha256":"cd42002c4adf0ddfc04393b997c4619f4fdae889cd4757550f5f5919a6dd48aa"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9467e4b7b6ae29a7944cd53b75d7322ab9485a4a2171ba248fca86936a30685b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:10.128857Z","signature_b64":"JFehqXirnSqdmcPXo6L8pkN6XxZWecMkwfFhIr6t6pVEIHpKb3zOYdfdAWU60RwPzCifO9lOIwygANK0B9HxDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"9467e4b7b6ae29a7944cd53b75d7322ab9485a4a2171ba248fca86936a30685b","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:10.128303Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:10.128303Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1410.7529","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:10Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Xd3dYTirCXTCzxPMNss16X7VMAKPwsnfxAO5K+AIe8fj6ZT12W70sTJJeo1r4gAMVsu37ZExYUkZfJ57WwvpBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-22T16:26:57.982214Z"},"content_sha256":"1f6e05067a99bdff4b0bd4c69e9297ed2d837e3cb1b4b728e19b3fe8de11a2bf","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1f6e05067a99bdff4b0bd4c69e9297ed2d837e3cb1b4b728e19b3fe8de11a2bf"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:SRT6JN5WVYU2PFCM2U5XLVZSFK","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Observation of Active Sites for Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Nitrogen-doped Multilayer Graphene","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","authors_text":"Bruce C.C. Cowie, Daniel Gunzelmann, Lu Hua Li, Shaoming Huang, Shi Zhang Qiao, Tan Xing, Yao Zheng, Ying Chen","submitted_at":"2014-10-28T06:33:07Z","abstract_excerpt":"Active sites and catalytic mechanism of nitrogen-doped graphene in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) have been extensively studied but are still inconclusive, partly due to the lack of an experimental method that can detect the active sites. It is proposed in this report that the active sites on nitrogen-doped graphene can be determined via the examination of its chemical composition change before and after ORR. Synchrotron-based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses of three nitrogen-doped multilayer graphene samples reveal that oxygen reduction intermediate OH(ads) which should chemically "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1410.7529","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:10Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"r7JllyjIkU4D8MNChcINblBOkeVz9iqu+C2U3Y59RA17ExnVPl2Ub25STQ0UuUCiihHUJnRvrcNlyB3y0NjoDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-22T16:26:57.982576Z"},"content_sha256":"0684c9d97737b5228880c7141254bbbbdf1fd955a53dea6773eaf6e7ccbfa898","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0684c9d97737b5228880c7141254bbbbdf1fd955a53dea6773eaf6e7ccbfa898"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SRT6JN5WVYU2PFCM2U5XLVZSFK/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/SRT6JN5WVYU2PFCM2U5XLVZSFK/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SRT6JN5WVYU2PFCM2U5XLVZSFK/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-22T16:26:57Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/SRT6JN5WVYU2PFCM2U5XLVZSFK","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/SRT6JN5WVYU2PFCM2U5XLVZSFK/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/SRT6JN5WVYU2PFCM2U5XLVZSFK/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/SRT6JN5WVYU2PFCM2U5XLVZSFK/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:SRT6JN5WVYU2PFCM2U5XLVZSFK","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cd42002c4adf0ddfc04393b997c4619f4fdae889cd4757550f5f5919a6dd48aa","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2014-10-28T06:33:07Z","title_canon_sha256":"ae9b93a0427c6df6918775b33889d356fd98d5a0de13069f6a8536fccdc7c8f1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1410.7529","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1410.7529","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1410.7529v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1410.7529","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"SRT6JN5WVYU2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"SRT6JN5WVYU2PFCM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"SRT6JN5W","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:49Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:0684c9d97737b5228880c7141254bbbbdf1fd955a53dea6773eaf6e7ccbfa898","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:10Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Active sites and catalytic mechanism of nitrogen-doped graphene in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) have been extensively studied but are still inconclusive, partly due to the lack of an experimental method that can detect the active sites. It is proposed in this report that the active sites on nitrogen-doped graphene can be determined via the examination of its chemical composition change before and after ORR. Synchrotron-based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses of three nitrogen-doped multilayer graphene samples reveal that oxygen reduction intermediate OH(ads) which should chemically ","authors_text":"Bruce C.C. Cowie, Daniel Gunzelmann, Lu Hua Li, Shaoming Huang, Shi Zhang Qiao, Tan Xing, Yao Zheng, Ying Chen","cross_cats":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2014-10-28T06:33:07Z","title":"Observation of Active Sites for Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Nitrogen-doped Multilayer Graphene"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1410.7529","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1f6e05067a99bdff4b0bd4c69e9297ed2d837e3cb1b4b728e19b3fe8de11a2bf","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:10Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cd42002c4adf0ddfc04393b997c4619f4fdae889cd4757550f5f5919a6dd48aa","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2014-10-28T06:33:07Z","title_canon_sha256":"ae9b93a0427c6df6918775b33889d356fd98d5a0de13069f6a8536fccdc7c8f1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1410.7529","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"9467e4b7b6ae29a7944cd53b75d7322ab9485a4a2171ba248fca86936a30685b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"9467e4b7b6ae29a7944cd53b75d7322ab9485a4a2171ba248fca86936a30685b","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:10.128303Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:10.128303Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"JFehqXirnSqdmcPXo6L8pkN6XxZWecMkwfFhIr6t6pVEIHpKb3zOYdfdAWU60RwPzCifO9lOIwygANK0B9HxDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:10.128857Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1410.7529","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1f6e05067a99bdff4b0bd4c69e9297ed2d837e3cb1b4b728e19b3fe8de11a2bf","sha256:0684c9d97737b5228880c7141254bbbbdf1fd955a53dea6773eaf6e7ccbfa898"],"state_sha256":"bf2d6c003f5afeafd9429a3fa585e07e5304dd7ce943ec12d6e53f01d166d6b2"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"WBixlWBCjG9fuxu+75igcMEB5uWirKmRWdF9QGOFdJ8W7GBwQKlqQpJSPNUDj5leSuYUYudarqpjP4qWdG7CBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-22T16:26:57.984531Z","bundle_sha256":"46dcad61917ded22f546cd3b3336aca72261640f256f64b2fc087311f4bd7ffd"}}